Designing an efficient graphene quantum dot-filled luminescent down shifting layer to improve the stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells by simple optical modeling

Hosseini, Zahra; Ghanbari, Teymoor

doi:10.1039/c8ra06196c

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Like graphene, 225 CNTs may also be exploited for the fabrication of transparent electrodes. In addition, their mechanical properties permit the use of flexible substrates, such as PET.…”

Section: Carbon Nanotube-based Back Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-based materials for stable, cheaper and large-scale processable perovskite solar cells

Fagiolari

Bella

2019

Energy Environ. Sci.

260

188

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Almost ten years after their first use in the photovoltaic (PV) field, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are now hybrid devices that, in addition to having reached silicon performance, can accelerate the energy transition and boost the use of abundant elements for their manufacturing process. However, noble metals (in particular gold) represent the most typically used sources for back electrode fabrication, and this issue has been intensively considered by the research community in the last five years. This review shows how the most promising solution, considering also the need to develop a large-scale production process, is based on the use of carbon-based materials for the preparation of back electrodes. Graphite, carbon black, graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been proposed, functionalized and characterized, leading to laboratory-scale solar cells and modules capable of providing excellent efficiencies and ensuring stability greater than those of gold-based devices. Strengthened by these results and its hydrophobizing properties, carbon has also started to be used as an electron transporting material (ETM), with excellent results on both rigid and flexible substrates. This review discusses the major advances and the updated state-of-the-art in the carbon-based PSC scenario, keeping a solid trajectory where the accessibility, low cost, high electrical conductivity, chemical stability and controllable porosity of carbon are highlighted and exploited in the design of upscalable hybrid solar cells. Broader contextToday, more than 75% of the world energy demand is met by traditional, non-sustainable energy resources, mainly based on coal, natural gas and oil. Photovoltaics represents a concrete action to mitigate fossil fuel consumption, and among all the developed solar cells, perovskite-based ones have shown the highest increase in terms of efficiency (currently above 25%). Halide perovskites, as a family of new-generation semiconductor materials, are also exploitable for light-emitting devices, photodetectors and memristors, but their use in photovoltaics gives rise to outstanding performances. Here, photogenerated charges pass through electron/hole transporting materials and are transferred to the external circuit by front and back electrodes. While the front electrode is a common conductive glass, many issues are now under study concerning the back electrode, traditionally made of gold. Indeed, replacing this expensive metal with a much cheaper alternative is vital for realizing affordable solar technologies. Carbon, in its multiple forms, represents the winning solution and the scientific community has recently shown its large scale processability, its power as a stability booster and some interesting effects at the perovskite/electrode interface. This review shows how carbon is becoming the winning ingredient for the scaling up and worldwide diffusion of perovskite solar cells.

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“…Like graphene, 225 CNTs may also be exploited for the fabrication of transparent electrodes. In addition, their mechanical properties permit the use of flexible substrates, such as PET.…”

Section: Carbon Nanotube-based Back Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-based materials for stable, cheaper and large-scale processable perovskite solar cells

Fagiolari

Bella

2019

Energy Environ. Sci.

260

188

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“…A fraction of the incident photons is absorbed by it, and thereafter, the high‐energy photons are down‐converted. The selection criteria for ideal DC materials for solar cells application should possess the following characteristics [ 72 ] : (i) high photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQE), (ii) photochemical and environmental stability, (iii) broadband absorption in the region where the spectral response of the solar cell is low, (iv) high absorption coefficient in low wavelength region, (v) high transmittance and broadband emission, particularly in the region where the device response is high, (vi) sufficient stokes shift to minimize the self‐absorption energy losses due to the spectral overlap between the absorption and emission bands, (vii) low cost, (viii) easy to process and can be deposited by the large scalable method, (ix) low film roughness, and (x) easy doping in electron/hole transport or active layer.…”

Section: And Down‐shifting Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Down‐conversion materials for organic solar cells: Progress, challenges, and perspectives

et al. 2022

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Organic solar cells (OSCs) in terms of power conversion efficiency (PCE) and operational lifetime have made remarkable progress during the last decade by improving the active layer materials and introducing new interlayers. The newly developed wide bandgap organic donor and low bandgap acceptor molecules covered the absorption from the visible to the near-infrared region. Whereas the incident high energy region (UV) is not in favor of OSCs. Its absorption causes thermalization losses and photoinduced degradation, which hinders the PCE and lifetime of OSCs. Recently, lanthanide and non-lanthanide-based down-conversion (DC) materials have been introduced, which can effectively convert the high-energy photons (UV) to low-energy photons (visible) and resolve the spectral mismatch losses that limit the absorption of OSCs in high energy incident spectrum. Furthermore, the DC materials also protect the OSCs from UV-induced degradation. The DC materials were also proposed to cross the Shockley-Queisser efficiency limit of the solar cell. In this review, the need for DC materials and their processing method for OSCs have been thoroughly discussed. However, the main emphasis has been given to developing lanthanides and non-lanthanides-based DC materials for OSCs, their applications, and their impact on photovoltaic device performance, stability, and future perspectives.

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“…[32][33][34] One promising strategy to tackle this issue is the application of a protective layer on the top of a PSC that blocks the UV photons from reaching the perovskite material and converts them into lower energy visible photons. [35][36][37] In this context, luminescent down shiing materials such as uorinated photopolymers, 38 complex compounds such as lanthanide luminescence and europium complexes, 35,39 and QDs [40][41][42][43] demonstrate potential to improve the light absorption and current density and reduce the degradation of PSCs under UV light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells using down-shifting quantum dots as a light management layer and moisture-assisted film growth

et al. 2019

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Designing an efficient graphene quantum dot-filled luminescent down shifting layer to improve the stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells by simple optical modeling

Abstract: Optical modeling of a GQD-filled LDS layer on top of a perovskite solar cell (PSC) confirms GQDs as a suitable candidate as a luminescent material for application of the LDS strategy in PSCs.

Cited by 25 publications

References 35 publications

Carbon-based materials for stable, cheaper and large-scale processable perovskite solar cells

Carbon-based materials for stable, cheaper and large-scale processable perovskite solar cells

Down‐conversion materials for organic solar cells: Progress, challenges, and perspectives

Highly efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells using down-shifting quantum dots as a light management layer and moisture-assisted film growth

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