Designing an Efficient Multimode Environmental Sensor Based on Graphene–Silicon Heterojunction

Shehzad, Khurram; Shi, Tianjin; Qadir, Akeel; Wan, Xiaomin; Guo, Hongwei; Ali, Amjad; Xuan, Weipeng; Xu, Hua; Gu, Zhongze; Peng, Xinsheng; Xie, Jin; Sun, Litao; He, Qiyuan; Xu, Zhen; Gao, Chao; Rim, You Seung; Dan, Yaping; Hasan, Tawfique; Tan, Ping‐Heng; Li, Er‐Ping; Wang, Yin; Cheng, Zhiyuan; Yu, Bin; Xu, Yang; Luo, Jikui; Duan, Xiangfeng

doi:10.1002/admt.201600262

Cited by 60 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The rapid development of smart objects has led to the increased interest of sensor technologies to collect and exchange sensed data in real-time. With the development of nanotechnologies, the sensor efficiency and accuracy have been improved leading to a large extension of their application domains [1,2]. Among a wide range of sensor applications, such as environmental monitoring or public safety, the development of sensor devices allowing monitoring of harmful greenhouse gases (GHGs) is of the utmost importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GaN/Ga2O3 Core/Shell Nanowires Growth: Towards High Response Gas Sensors

et al. 2019

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The development of sensors working in a large range of temperature is of crucial importance in areas such as monitoring of industrial processes or personal tracking using smart objects. Devices integrating GaN/Ga2O3 core/shell nanowires (NWs) are a promising solution for monitoring carbon monoxide (CO). Because the performances of sensors primarily depend on the material properties composing the active layer of the device, it is essential to control them and achieve material synthesis in the first time. In this work, we investigate the synthesis of GaN/Ga2O3 core-shell NWs with a special focus on the formation of the shell. The GaN NWs grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy, are post-treated following thermal oxidation to form a Ga2O3-shell surrounding the GaN-core. We establish that the shell thickness can be modulated from 1 to 14 nm by changing the oxidation conditions and follows classical oxidation process: A first rapid oxide-shell growth, followed by a reduced but continuous oxide growth. We also discuss the impact of the atmosphere on the oxidation growth rate. By combining XRD-STEM and EDX analyses, we demonstrate that the oxide-shell is crystalline, presents the β-Ga2O3 phase, and is synthesized in an epitaxial relationship with the GaN-core.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GaN/Ga2O3 Core/Shell Nanowires Growth: Towards High Response Gas Sensors

et al. 2019

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“…Conducting fillers could essentially improve the leading properties of insulating polymers. Diverse fillers such as metals nanostructures , conducting polymers , carbon black , graphene , and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been utilized to enhance the electrical properties of polymers. CNTs have got unique mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties which make them exceptionally valuable in this context .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring electrical and thermal properties of polymethyl methacrylate‐carbon nanotubes composites through polyaniline and dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid impregnation

et al. 2017

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A series of composites of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) with polyaniline‐multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PANI‐CNTs) as filler I and dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid‐multiwalled carbon nanotubes (DBSA‐CNTs) as filler II are developed by solution mixing method. Composites are characterized for morphological, electrical, and thermal properties to study effect of two different types of additives, PANI, and DBSA. Furthermore, their influence on dispersion of CNTs is also studied. Electrical percolation behavior of both composites series is investigated through dielectric and conductivity measurements. Sharp insulators to conductor transition curves are obtained for filler I and II, with conductivity of 5.6 S cm−1 at 2 wt% of CNTs and 2 S cm−1 at 3 wt% of CNTs, respectively. High dielectric constant is observed for filler I as compared to filler II due to the formation of comparatively big clusters of filler I than II. Theoretically calculated percolation threshold was found to be 1.3 wt% for filler I and 0.8 wt% for filler II in the matrix with exponent constants 2.4 and 1.25, respectively. Thermal stability of PMMA composites, containing filler II, indicated an impressive increase by 72°C onset and 55°C in complete degradation temperature as compared to pure PMMA. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E1052–E1059, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…According to the threshold for GO reduction, photon energies larger than 3.2 eV (λ < 390 nm) could trigger GO reduction through a photochemical process, whereas light irradiation with wavelengths larger than 390 nm could reduce GO due to the photothermal effect. In the case of sunlight, its wavelengths cover a broad spectral range from UV to IR (from ≈295 to 2500 nm), in which the IR region is the primary contributor to the reduction of GO, through the photothermal effect, and the UV light also contributes to the reduction of GO, through the photochemical effect . To tune the intensity of the sunlight irradiation, experiments could be performed for different periods or with the help of a gray glass.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sunlight‐Reduced Graphene Oxides as Sensitive Moisture Sensors for Smart Device Design

Han

Zhang

et al. 2017

Adv Materials Technologies

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a large surface to volume ratio [7] ) and have broad applications (e.g., energy conversion, [8] smart robots, [9] and biomedical devices [10] ). Recently, Ariga and co-workers achieved highly selective gas sensing using ionic liquid-intercalated graphene layers that were prepared by in situ reduction of graphene oxide layers in the presence of nonvolatile ionic liquids, and subsequent electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly. [11] Sadasivuni et al. presented the layer-bylayer spraying of modified graphene oxidefilled cellulose nanocrystals for proximity sensing. [12] Wang et al. reported ultrathin reduced graphene oxide (RGO) films with controllable thicknesses for noncontact relative humidity (RH) sensing. [13] In our previous works, an RGO with hierarchical micro-nanostructures prepared by two-beam-laser interference was employed to produce humidity-sensing devices. [14] However, in spite of these advancements, graphene-based sensing devices have not been well employed for smart device design. A possible reason for this gap would be the difficulty in tailoring highly permeable graphene nanostructures that permit spontaneous, timely, and reliable molecular discrimination. Moreover, complex experimental procedures or special instruments are generally necessary in device fabrication, which largely limits their integration with other devices. The current trend is to produce smart devices equipped with versatile sensors created in facile, reliable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly manners. However, it is currently challenging to achieve this goal.Herein, we report a facile preparation of a graphene-based moisture detector for smart device design. A humidity-sensing device has been fabricated by a simple focused sunlight treatment of GO. The drastic removal of oxygen-containing groups (OCGs) not only mediates the controllable tuning of conductive properties but also leads to the formation of a highly porous RGO structure that is of benefit to the adsorption of molecules and humidity sensitivity. The RGO-based humidity-sensing device shows moisture recognition capability and excellent sensing performance, including high sensitivity, good repeatability, small humidity hysteresis, and fast response recovery at room temperature, enabling a series of humidity-sensing devices including a moisture controller, a humidity detector robot, and even a novel electronic harmonica. As a simple and chemical-free method, sunlight-mediated photoreduction of GO provides a very simple and cost-effective way to integrate humidity sensors in the development of versatile moistureresponsive smart devices.Here, a facile fabrication of graphene-based humidity sensors is reported for smart device design. Focused sunlight photoreduction of graphene oxide (GO) helps to remove most of the oxygen-containing groups on GO sheets, which not only recovers their conductivity but also leads to the formation of a highly porous nanostructure, enabling the manufacture of versatile humidity-sensing smart devices, such as moisture controllers, hu...

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Designing an Efficient Multimode Environmental Sensor Based on Graphene–Silicon Heterojunction

Cited by 60 publications

References 69 publications

GaN/Ga2O3 Core/Shell Nanowires Growth: Towards High Response Gas Sensors

GaN/Ga2O3 Core/Shell Nanowires Growth: Towards High Response Gas Sensors

Tailoring electrical and thermal properties of polymethyl methacrylate‐carbon nanotubes composites through polyaniline and dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid impregnation

Sunlight‐Reduced Graphene Oxides as Sensitive Moisture Sensors for Smart Device Design

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