Designing an exercise intervention for adult survivors of childhood cancers

Rokitka, Denise A.; Heffler, Jennifer E; Zevon, Michael A.; Kitcho, Caleb; Schweitzer, Jennifer; Rodriguez, Elisa M.; Mahoney, Martin C.

doi:10.1186/s12885-020-07763-8

Cited by 88 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Butyrate-induced cell cycle arrest occurs predominantly in G1 phase, with lower levels of inhibition also observed in G2 and M phases [ 28 , 29 ]. Chromatin analysis has revealed that butyrate results in Histone 3 hyperacetylation with subsequent enrichment of important cell cycle regulatory proteins including cyclin D1 and p21 [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Butyrate and Intestinal Epithelial Proliferationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Butyrate and the Intestinal Epithelium: Modulation of Proliferation and Inflammation in Homeostasis and Disease

Salvi

Cowles

2021

Cells

240

114

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The microbial metabolite butyrate serves as a link between the intestinal microbiome and epithelium. The monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and SMCT1 are the predominant means of butyrate transport from the intestinal lumen to epithelial cytoplasm, where the molecule undergoes rapid β-oxidation to generate cellular fuel. However, not all epithelial cells metabolize butyrate equally. Undifferentiated colonocytes, including neoplastic cells and intestinal stem cells at the epithelial crypt base preferentially utilize glucose over butyrate for cellular fuel. This divergent metabolic conditioning is central to the phenomenon known as “butyrate paradox”, in which butyrate induces contradictory effects on epithelial proliferation in undifferentiated and differentiated colonocytes. There is evidence that accumulation of butyrate in epithelial cells results in histone modification and altered transcriptional activation that halts cell cycle progression. This manifests in the apparent protective effect of butyrate against colonic neoplasia. A corollary to this process is butyrate-induced inhibition of intestinal stem cells. Yet, emerging research has illustrated that the evolution of the crypt, along with butyrate-producing bacteria in the intestine, serve to protect crypt base stem cells from butyrate’s anti-proliferative effects. Butyrate also regulates epithelial inflammation and tolerance to antigens, through production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells. The role of butyrate in the pathogenesis and treatment of intestinal neoplasia, inflammatory bowel disease and malabsorptive states is evolving, and holds promise for the potential translation of butyrate’s cellular function into clinical therapies.

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Section: Butyrate and Intestinal Epithelial Proliferationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Butyrate and the Intestinal Epithelium: Modulation of Proliferation and Inflammation in Homeostasis and Disease

Salvi

Cowles

2021

Cells

240

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Last but not least, even though hormones play a role on GBM sex differences, it is important to mention the impact that age has on GBM diagnosis and sex differences. A median age of diagnosis of GBM is 64 years of age and as mentioned before it is more frequent in males than females even among elderly patients [ 104 ]. This age of diagnosis brings up an interesting point, most women at this age are in their post-menopausal stages of life, therefore hormones may not play such a profound role on GBM pathology and sex difference on elderly patients.…”

Section: Disease Phenotypementioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-Specific Differences in Glioblastoma

Carrano

Juarez

Incontri‐Abraham

et al. 2021

Cells

100

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Sex differences have been well identified in many brain tumors. Even though glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults and has the worst outcome, well-established differences between men and women are limited to incidence and outcome. Little is known about sex differences in GBM at the disease phenotype and genetical/molecular level. This review focuses on a deep understanding of the pathophysiology of GBM, including hormones, metabolic pathways, the immune system, and molecular changes, along with differences between men and women and how these dimorphisms affect disease outcome. The information analyzed in this review shows a greater incidence and worse outcome in male patients with GBM compared with female patients. We highlight the protective role of estrogen and the upregulation of androgen receptors and testosterone having detrimental effects on GBM. Moreover, hormones and the immune system work in synergy to directly affect the GBM microenvironment. Genetic and molecular differences have also recently been identified. Specific genes and molecular pathways, either upregulated or downregulated depending on sex, could potentially directly dictate GBM outcome differences. It appears that sexual dimorphism in GBM affects patient outcome and requires an individualized approach to management considering the sex of the patient, especially in relation to differences at the molecular level.

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“…Circulating free-DNA and circulating mi-RNAs are most stable, thus easier to investigate, compared to cf-RNA [ 31 ]. Extracellular vesicles are micro-particles released in the bloodstream from tumor and normal cells containing proteins, DNA, RNA, mi-RNA, lipids, and metabolites [ 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities and Challenges of Liquid Biopsy in Thyroid Cancer

Romano

Martorana

Pennisi

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system, encompassing different entities with distinct histological features and clinical behavior. The diagnostic definition, therapeutic approach, and follow-up of thyroid cancers display some controversial aspects that represent unmet medical needs. Liquid biopsy is a non-invasive approach that detects and analyzes biological samples released from the tumor into the bloodstream. With the use of different technologies, tumor cells, free nucleic acids, and extracellular vesicles can be retrieved in the serum of cancer patients and valuable molecular information can be obtained. Recently, a growing body of evidence is accumulating concerning the use of liquid biopsy in thyroid cancer, as it can be exploited to define a patient’s diagnosis, estimate their prognosis, and monitor tumor recurrence or treatment response. Indeed, liquid biopsy can be a valuable tool to overcome the limits of conventional management of thyroid malignancies. In this review, we summarize currently available data about liquid biopsy in differentiated, poorly differentiated/anaplastic, and medullary thyroid cancer, focusing on circulating tumor cells, circulating free nucleic acids, and extracellular vesicles.

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Designing an exercise intervention for adult survivors of childhood cancers

Cited by 88 publications

References 20 publications

Butyrate and the Intestinal Epithelium: Modulation of Proliferation and Inflammation in Homeostasis and Disease

Butyrate and the Intestinal Epithelium: Modulation of Proliferation and Inflammation in Homeostasis and Disease

Sex-Specific Differences in Glioblastoma

Opportunities and Challenges of Liquid Biopsy in Thyroid Cancer

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