Designing and evaluation of new dynamic prosthetic foot on transtibial amputees in a low resource setup

Therapeutic benefits of lower limb prostheses: a systematic review

“…Comparison between passive ankle–foot prostheses was most frequently conducted (47%, n = 16) [ 54 , 59 – 64 , 68 – 71 , 73 , 80 , 81 , 84 , 85 ]. Within this category, 14 articles included people with a transtibial amputation, 3 included people with a transfemoral amputation (88% [ 54 , 61 – 64 , 68 – 71 , 73 , 80 , 81 , 84 , 85 ] and 19% [ 59 , 60 , 73 ], respectively), and the mean sample size totalled 13. Ten articles compared quasi-passive with passive prostheses (29%, n = 10) [ 53 , 66 , 67 , 72 , 74 – 76 , 82 , 83 , 86 ].…”

“…The prosthetic evaluation was mainly conducted through level walking tasks. Within the cluster of studies comparing passive prostheses, level walking tasks amounted to 63% (n = 10) [ 54 , 61 – 64 , 68 , 73 , 81 , 84 , 85 ]. Among those comparing passive to quasi-passive ankle–foot devices, the number equalled 30% (n = 3) [ 72 , 82 , 86 ].…”

“…Biomechanical outcome measures were most frequently gathered. Within the cluster of studies comparing passive prostheses, the number of biomechanical measures amounted to 81% (n = 13) [ 59 , 61 , 62 , 64 , 68 – 71 , 73 , 80 , 81 , 84 ]. Among these, 11 found results favouring the newly tested passive prosthesis [ 59 , 61 , 62 , 64 , 68 , 69 , 71 , 73 , 81 , 84 ].…”

“…Within the cluster of studies comparing passive prostheses, the number of biomechanical measures amounted to 81% (n = 13) [ 59 , 61 , 62 , 64 , 68 – 71 , 73 , 80 , 81 , 84 ]. Among these, 11 found results favouring the newly tested passive prosthesis [ 59 , 61 , 62 , 64 , 68 , 69 , 71 , 73 , 81 , 84 ]. Within the studies comparing passive with quasi-passive prostheses, the number of biomechanical measures was 60% (n = 6), and all reported positive results favouring the quasi-passive device [ 66 , 67 , 72 , 76 , 82 , 83 ].…”

“…Within studies comparing passive prostheses, comparing passive with quasi-passive prostheses, and comparing active with passive prostheses, physiological outcome measures (25%, n = 4 [ 54 , 60 , 64 , 80 ]; 40%, n = 4 [ 53 , 75 , 76 , 82 ] and 25%, n = 2 [ 55 , 77 ] respectively) and performance outcomes were less frequently investigated (69%, n = 11 [ 54 , 59 – 61 , 63 , 64 , 68 , 73 , 80 , 81 , 85 ]; 33%, n = 3 [ 75 , 76 , 86 ] and 63%, n = 5 respectively [ 56 – 58 , 65 , 77 ]). Within the cluster of studies comparing passive prostheses, four studies reported physiological benefits [ 50 , 52 , 55 , 58 ], and eight studies reported benefits on the performance of the novel passive prosthesis [ 54 , 59 , 61 , 63 , 64 , 73 , 80 , 81 ]. Among the studies comparing passive with quasi-passive prostheses, one study reported positive physiological effects for the quasi-passive prosthesis [ 53 ], one reported negative physiological effects [ 74 ], and one found favourable results on performance regarding the quasi-passive prosthesis [ 75 ].…”