Designing and Synthesis of (Cd²⁺, Li⁺), Cr³⁺, Bi³⁺ Doped CePO₄ Materials Optical, Electrochemical, Ionic Conductivity Analysis

Abstract

Most of the work has been done on the optical properties of the rare earth doped CePO 4 , so there are few studies on the effect of metal ion doping on CePO 4. The doping improves the properties of the compounds and can lead to new properties. It is the first time, that multi-ionic doping process is used in the CePO 4 matrix, in order to improve the ionic conductivity and the electrochemical stability. The low percentage of (Cd 2+ ,Li +), Cr 3+ ,Bi 3+ dopant affect the structure showing a weak decrease in the lattice parameters compared to the CePO 4. Impedance spectroscopy analysis was used to analyze the electrical behavior of samples as a function of frequency at different temperatures. The total electrical conductivity plots obtained from impedance spectra shows an increase of the total conductivity as Li, Crcontent increases. The determined energy gap values decrease with increasingly Li + , Cr 3+ and Bi 3+ doping content. Electrochemical tests showed an improved capacity when increasing the Li + ,Cr 3+ and Bi 3+ content and a stable cycling performance.