Designing Dynamic Delivery Parking Spots in Urban Areas to Reduce Traffic Disruptions

Roca-Riu, Mireia; Cao, Jin Xin; Dakic, Igor; Menéndez, Mónica

doi:10.1155/2017/6296720

Cited by 31 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…not cause any issues in the area. Roca-Riu et al (2017) investigated the development of dynamic delivery parking spaces that could be integrated into the proposed framework in future studies. Additionally, vehicles could prefer…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Parking Occupancy with and without Differentiated Parking: A Macroscopic Analysis

Jakob¹,

Menéndez²

2020

Preprint

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A very high parking occupancy can negatively influence the traffic performance of an area by causing very long cruising times. A very low parking occupancy, on the other hand, is inefficient from a space utilization perspective. Thus, this paper proposes a framework to compute the optimal parking occupancy rate over a given time horizon based on a macroscopic traffic and parking model. This rate is set high enough to ensure an efficient usage of the parking infrastructure. However, it should also guarantee a high likelihood of finding parking in order to eliminate the drivers’ time wasted in cruising for parking and the added congestion it causes. The model outputs are based on small data collection efforts and low computational costs, and they can be generated without complex simulation software using a simple numerical solver. Multiple vehicle types are included into our methodology allowing us to generate insights about the optimal parking occupancy with or without differentiated parking (i.e., parking for specific vehicles, such as fuel and electric vehicles). In times of a modal shift towards electric vehicles, cities can use our model to evaluate how much parking supply (with battery charging opportunities) they would like to dedicate to electric vehicles in order to achieve optimal traffic and parking results, and whether a differentiated or semi-differentiated parking policy is desirable. We illustrate our framework in a case study of a central area within the city of Zurich, Switzerland, showing the traffic and parking impacts (e.g., average searching time for parking, total revenue created by parking fees, optimal parking occupancy rate) for different proportions of fuel and electric vehicles in the parking demand and/or supply. Our results confirm that optimal occupancy rates are between and for most realistic scenarios. We then discuss how these rates might change depending on various demand and supply relationships, and according to different parking policies. We show that equal proportions between electric vehicles in the demand and their parking spaces in the supply lead to the best traffic performance in the area. We also provide the tools for cities to analyze their loss in performance if they do not react, e.g., to an increasing demand for electric vehicles over time. Moreover, we illustrate how some of these risks can be mitigated by having more flexible parking policies, e.g., allowing electric vehicles to use parking spaces for fuel vehicles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Parking Occupancy with and without Differentiated Parking: A Macroscopic Analysis

Jakob¹,

Menéndez²

2020

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Also, here we assume that double parking is not an issue, and we do not account explicitly for delivery parking. Notice, however, that there are already some studies on the development of dynamic delivery parking spots [54], which could also be integrated into the proposed framework in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroscopic Modeling of On-Street and Garage Parking: Impact on Traffic Performance

Jakob

Menéndez

2019

Journal of Advanced Transportation

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The short-term interactions between on-street and garage parking policies and the associated parking pricing can be highly influential to the searching-for-parking traffic and the overall traffic performance in the network. In this paper, we develop a macroscopic on-street and garage parking decision model and integrate it into a traffic system with an on-street and garage parking search model over time. We formulate an on-street and garage parking-state-based matrix that describes the system dynamics of urban traffic based on different parking-related states and the number of vehicles that transition through each state in a time slice. This macroscopic modeling approach is based on aggregated data at the network level over time. This leads to data collection savings and a reduction in computational costs compared to most of the existing parking/traffic models. This easy to implement methodology can be solved with a simple numerical solver. All parking searchers face the decision to drive to a parking garage or to search for an on-street parking space in the network. This decision is affected by several parameters including the on-street and garage parking fees. Our model provides a preliminary idea for city councils regarding the short-term impacts of on-street and garage parking policies (e.g., converting on-street parking to garage parking spaces, availability of garage usage information to all drivers) and parking pricing policies on: searching-for-parking traffic (cruising), the congestion in the network (traffic performance), the total driven distance (environmental impact), as well as the revenue created for the city by the hourly on-street and garage parking fee rates. This model can be used to analyze how on-street and garage parking policies can affect traffic performance; and how traffic performance can affect the decision to use on-street or garage parking. The proposed methodology is illustrated with a case study of an area within the city of Zurich, Switzerland.

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“…For example, the effect delivery bay management has on the delivery time and distance [25] can be considered in the proposed time-area calculation, while the changes in the traffic flow due to delivery bay management cannot. Dynamic delivery parking spots [26] are considered as an option to improve traffic flow and increase the capacity of the road by reducing the number of vehicles illegally blocking a lane (i.e., double parking). However, the proposed time-area equation only considers the legally required area for safe operation.…”

Section: Policy and Operating Strategy Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review and Development of a Land Consumption Evaluation Method Based on the Time-Area Concept of Last Mile Delivery Using Real Delivery Trip Data

2020

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The paper proposes an evaluation method providing decision support for policymakers in regard to the land consumption of transport activities. Due to the increasing pressure on vehicle parking, traffic jams and the housing crisis in large cities, it is important to use road space effectively. The primary objective of this paper is to review and evaluate the published research about the time-area concept, as well as proposing an evaluation method for the time-area requirements of vehicles used in last mile delivery such as pedestrian porters, bicycles, cargo bikes, sidewalk autonomous delivery robots (SADRs) and delivery vans. The time-area concept measures the size of an area occupied during a transport activity and the duration for which it is occupied for standing, as well as moving transport units. While most of the research applies the time-area concept to compare various modes of transport used to move people around a city, this paper focusses on moving parcels and evaluates the effect that operating strategies and policy changes have on the time-area requirements of a single mode of transport. The study builds on a real trip data set of parcel deliveries in London.

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Designing Dynamic Delivery Parking Spots in Urban Areas to Reduce Traffic Disruptions

Cited by 31 publications

References 35 publications

Optimal Parking Occupancy with and without Differentiated Parking: A Macroscopic Analysis

Optimal Parking Occupancy with and without Differentiated Parking: A Macroscopic Analysis

Macroscopic Modeling of On-Street and Garage Parking: Impact on Traffic Performance

Review and Development of a Land Consumption Evaluation Method Based on the Time-Area Concept of Last Mile Delivery Using Real Delivery Trip Data

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