“…Moreover, the integration of sustainability considerations in the design of BMfS raises its dynamic complexity considerably (Iandolo, Barile, Armenia, & Carrubbo, 2018;Rodrigues, Morioka, Pigosso, de Carvalho, & McAloone, 2016;Täuscher & Abdelkafi, 2017). In such a setting, simulation-based approaches are able to capture multilevel systems FIGURE 3 Adapted sustainable business model canvas (Bocken et al, 2018, p. 82;Bocken, 2015) [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] and reduce its complexity towards a proper understanding of the fundamental characteristics and relationships between the elements of BMfS, together with an adequate account of the main performance outputs and outcomes that are generated (Bianchi, Cosenz, & Marinković, 2015;Davis, Eisenhardt, & Bingham, 2007;Schwaninger & Groesser, 2008). Finally, a systemic and simulation-oriented approach allows experimentation with BMfS and the structured development of "what-if" scenarios and potential implementation strategies and trajectories (Ghosh, 2015;Nabavi, Daniell, & Najafi, 2017).…”