Designing efficient A-D-A1-D-A-type non-fullerene acceptors with enhanced fill factor via noncovalently conformational locking

A comparison of para, meta, and ortho-carborane centred non-fullerene acceptors for organic solar cells

“…Recently, a number of A-D-A 0 -D-A and A-D-D 0 -D-A type NFAs have been reported where electron rich IDT and electron deficient INCN moieties are centred around a third component, of either electron rich (D 0 ) or electron deficient (A 0 ) character. [62][63][64][65][66][67] Efficiencies of OPVs employing such materials have been reported between 2.7 and 11.9%, where the PBDB-T polymer was used as the electron donating species in the highest performing devices. 62 Overall, the NFAs centred around an electron deficient moiety have proven more successful than those with an electron rich moiety.…”

“…40,41 Nevertheless, the overall performance of these materials remains modest compared to other non-carborane IDT-INCN flanked materials reported to date. [62][63][64][65][66][67] Although the open-circuit current (V OC ) values of the devices were high at around 0.93 V, the short-circuit current density (J SC ) remained relatively low, ranging from 5.36 to 7.40 mAcm À2 , and J-V curves exhibited non-ideal behaviours with fill factors between 37 and 43%.…”

Impact of end‐capped engineering on the optoelectronic characteristics of pyrene‐based non‐fullerene acceptors for organic photovoltaics

“…The active layer of organic solar cells is crucial in determining their proficiency, and it is constructed by blending electron donors and electron acceptors [6]. Before 2015, fullerene derivatives as electron acceptors could only achieve a power conversion efficiency of 12% [7]. Zhan et al contributed to electron acceptors by reporting FREA ITIC, which had much better optoelectronic parameters than PC61BM‐based OSCs.…”