Alternative teaching methodologies
are required for grade-9 students
diagnosed with difficulties learning chemistry. This study examines
the progress made in learning atomic structure by 11 Spanish Students
Diagnosed with Learning Difficulties (SDLD, experimental group), including
those with poor academic performance, specific learning difficulties
in reading, writing, and mathematics, attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder, and borderline intellectual disability according to the
Spanish curriculum. The study was conducted as part of the Program
for Improving Learning and Performance (PMAR) and utilized the game
“Atomizados”, specifically designed for this purpose.
A written test on atomic structure was used to evaluate learning with
three learning levels established (naïve, transitional, and
informed). The findings indicate that 63.63% of the SDLD (experimental)
achieved an informed learning level (understanding the internal structure
of the atom) as a result of utilizing a generative learning strategy.
The Mann–Whitney U test demonstrated that this learning was
statistically significantly greater than that achieved by other students
diagnosed with learning difficulties who did not use the game (SDLD
control group). No significant differences were found between the
SDLD experimental group and two other groups of grade-9 students with
no learning difficulties (NSDLD control groups). However, differences
were detected between SDLD (control) and NSDLD (control) in favor
of the latter groups. The average for these control groups was a transitional
level (identifying some elements of the atomic structure) in the best
cases. SDLD (experimental) exhibited a very positive perception of
the game’s influence on learning chemistry, highlighting its
attractiveness, interest, and potential for generating classroom participation.