“…Some salient examples are design for upgradability ( Xing and Belusko, 2008 ), design for remanufacturing and refurbishing ( Bakker et al., 2014 ; Charter and Gray, 2008 ; Steeneck and Sarin, 2018 ; W. Wang et al., 2017 ), design for use optimization ( Mont, 2008 ), design for repairing ( Cordella et al., 2021 ; W. Wang et al., 2017 ), and design for longevity ( Carlsson et al., 2021 ). Other approaches encompass CE strategies, aiming to provide various alternatives for consideration by designers during early product development phases ( Bovea and Pérez-Belis, 2018 ), while some other approaches focus on measuring and assessing the greenness of extending the lifespan of products ( Alfieri et al., 2018 ; Desing et al., 2021 ; Franklin-Johnson et al., 2016 ; Hagejärd et al., 2020 ). CE has also been analyzed from the design process perspective, considering multiple lifecycles ( Asif et al., 2021 ), product personalization ( Maldini et al., 2019 ), and based on the morphological product structure ( Tena, 2021 ).…”