Abstract:We report on a novel detection scheme that uses semiconductor quantum dots and electrical resonance to detect single photons of light. Here, a quantum-dot, optically gated field-effect transistor (QDOGFET) is used as the resistive element of a resonant RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit. A photon is detected when it photocharges a quantum dot, thus modifying the resistance of the QDOGFET and altering the resonance condition of the surrounding circuit. Because the circuit functions as a bandpass filter, rejecting much of the electrical noise that can obscure weak photo-induced signals, the RLC detection scheme is sensitive enough to detect individual photons of light.
IntroductionThe ability to detect single photons of light is fundamental to quantum information science and technology, is extremely useful for astronomical measurements, and may also lead to enhanced deep-space communication systems. In addition to being crucial measurement tools for experiments in quantum optics (Di Giuseppe et al., 2003;Waks et al., 2004;Achilles et al., 2006;, single-photon detectors (SPDs) are needed for quantum communication systems based on quantum-key distribution (Brassard et al., 2000;Hiskett et al., 2006) and form the basis for certain strategies for quantum computing (Knill et al., 2001). In addition, arrays of SPDs are being developed to capture the faint images produced by telescopes (Romani et al., 1999), and they may also find use in the receivers of advanced laserbased (so called 'lasercom') systems that can transmit information at high speeds over interplanetary distances (Boroson et al., 2004;Mendenhall et al., 2007;Hemmati et al., 2007). For all of these applications, desired detector characteristics include high detection rates, low dark counts, high detection efficiency, low timing jitter, and photon-number resolving capability. In addition, SPDs should be compact, exhibit low power consumption, and be tolerant to changes in temperature and other environmental conditions.