Designing immunogenic nanotherapeutics for photothermal-triggered immunotherapy involving reprogramming immunosuppression and activating systemic antitumor responses

Triangle-Shaped Tellurium Nanostars Potentiate Radiotherapy by Boosting Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy

“…As is well known, dendritic cells (DCs) are the most powerful antigen-presenting cells in the body, which can efficiently ingest, process, and present antigens from dead cancer cells and then effectively activate initial T cells to CTLs, thus triggering the immune response of the body. 57 After X-ray irradiation, GTe-RGD in combination with anti-PD-1 triggered upregulation of MHC-II + CD 11c + , a specific marker of DCs, in the tumor flank ( Figures 6I and S53). Additionally, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a double-edged role in the occurrence and development of tumors.…”

Recent Advances in Hyperthermia Therapy‐Based Synergistic Immunotherapy

“…designed core–shell Au@Se nanoparticles by encapsulating Au nanostars into a Se shell. [ 110 ] The synergistic Au‐induced PTT and Se‐mediated chemotherapy could significantly re‐educate the TAMs to M1 phenotype to facilitate T lymphocyte activation and tumor elimination. Liu et al.…”

“…Recently, Zhu et al designed core-shell Au@Se nanoparticles by encapsulating Au nanostars into a Se shell. [110] The synergistic Au-induced PTT and Se-mediated chemotherapy could significantly re-educate the TAMs to M1 phenotype to facilitate T lymphocyte activation and tumor elimination. Liu et al prepared an MMP2-responsive and controlled-release nanosystem by coloading DOX and Pd NPs into triglycerol monostearate (TGM).…”

Advances in Multiple Stimuli-Responsive Drug-Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy

“…Tumor immunotherapy is rapidly becoming a promising cancer treatment strategy through anti-tumor immune response (ACIR) that reflects the recognition, proliferation, and activation of immune cells, effector T cells’ migration and infiltration to the tumor tissue, ultimately targeting, fighting and elimination of cancer cells without destroying healthy cells. 124 Despite the human immune system is strong, the TME will still evade the immune system in many ways through reprogramming, for example, activating immune checkpoint proteins, polarizing macrophages for tumorigenic macrophages, neutralizing cytotoxic CD8 + T cells, highly expressing Indoleamine 2.3-Dioxygenase (IDO), weakening T cell activity, etc. 125 , 126 Moreover, highly heterogeneous and hypoxic TME also inhibits antigen uptake and presentation, promoting the release of immunosuppressive cytokines from tumors and stromal cells, which restricts the tumor infiltration of T cells to result in the inhibition of ACIR.…”