Designing Intelligent Nanomaterials to Achieve Highly Sensitive Diagnoses and Multimodality Therapy of Bladder Cancer

Abstract

Bladder cancer (BC) is among the most common malignant tumors of the genitourinary system worldwide. In recent years, the rate of BC incidence has increased, and the recurrence rate is high, resulting in poor quality of life for patients. Therefore, how to develop an effective method to achieve synchronous precise diagnoses and BC therapies is a difficult problem to solve clinically. Previous reports usually focus on the role of nanomaterials as drug delivery carriers, while a summary of the functional design and application of nanomaterials is lacking. Summarizing the application of functional nanomaterials in high‐sensitivity diagnosis and multimodality therapy of BC is urgently needed. This review summarizes the application of nanotechnology in BC diagnosis, including the application of nanotechnology in the sensoring of BC biomarkers and their role in monitoring BC. In addition, conventional and combination therapies strategy in potential BC therapy are analyzed. Moreover, different kinds of nanomaterials in BC multimodal therapy according to pathological features of BC are also outlined. The goal of this review is to present an overview of the application of nanomaterials in the theranostics of BC to provide guidance for the application of functional nanomaterials to precisely diagnose and treat BC.

NIR-II light powered hydrogel nanomotor for intravesical instillation with enhanced bladder cancer therapy

“…6 Nanoparticles, and corresponding therapies relied on nanoparticles such as chemodynamic therapy (CDT) that converts tumor intracellular hydrogen peroxide to ROS with cancer cell-specific toxicity, [7][8][9][10][11] have been coupled with intravesical instillation and have introduced new therapy strategies for bladder cancer treatment. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] The penetration capability of the poured reagent is important for the therapeutic efficiency of intravesical instillation. However, unlike small molecule drugs, the size of nanoparticles impairs their diffusion and penetration in the tumor tissue.…”