Designing intergovernmental fiscal transfers for conservation: The case of REDD+ revenue distribution to local governments in Indonesia

Strengthening policy research and development through foreign aid: the case of reducing deforestation and forest degradation in Indonesia

“…Due to the need to provide local governments with sufficient funding to offset the opportunity costs associated with the implementation of REDD+, the first project also addressed the design of fiscal instruments for the decentralised implementation of REDD+ (Irawan et al 2014), further developed by Irawan and Tacconi (2016). Those studies noted that the key underlying feature of a global REDD+ scheme would be the transfer of financial resources to participating developing countries.…”

Lessons for multi-level REDD+ benefit-sharing from revenue distribution in extractive resource sectors (oil, gas and mining)

“…This would correspond to a performance-based approach that rewards the efforts of that locality. Second, the locality where carbon emission takes place could be compensated or reimbursed for both opportunity and implementation costs (Irawan et al 2014). …”

“…These lessons are particularly relevant for scenarios where REDD+ revenues might reach significant volumes. Two main sorts of revenue would need to be distributed in the case of REDD+: i) payments to central or sub-national governments from international sources for emissions reduced and ii) taxes and fees collected by central government from REDD+ activities (Irawan et al 2014). In both cases, decisions are needed on how to redistribute revenue between central and sub-national levels.…”

“…Two main sorts of revenue would need to be distributed in the case of REDD+: i) when central or sub-national governments receive payment from international sources for emissions reduced, and ii) when central government obtains taxes and fees collected from REDD+ activities (Irawan et al 2014). In both cases, decisions are needed on how to redistribute between central and sub-national levels.…”

Scaling in Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation

“…They may also play a role in the implementation of international programmes at a national scale, linking climate mitigation and biodiversity conservation policies (Irawan et al 2014. Köllner T, Schelske O, Seidl I (2002) Integrating …”