Designing of Cell Coverage in Light Fidelity

Riaz, Rabia; Rizvi, Sanam Shahla; Riaz, Farina; Shokat, Sana

doi:10.14569/ijacsa.2018.090308

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…where A eff can be calculated using formula ( 14) [14]: (17) Based on formula (17), the A eff value depends on detector area ( 𝐴 𝑑𝑒𝑡 ), lens gain (g), filter transmission gain (𝑇 𝑠 ), field of view (FOV), and angle of incidence (ψ). The calculation of lens gain is formulated as follows (18) [14], [20][21][22]:…”

Section: Proposed Model Of Multiplexing Channel System On Indoor Ligh...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance Analysis of Optical Channel Multiplexing System on Indoor Light

2024

IJIES

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Li-Fi technology faces a critical challenge in achieving line-of-sight (LOS) connectivity while also optimizing bandwidth efficiency for high-speed data transmission. To address these issues, this research introduces a channel multiplexing model for Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) communication, employing movable LED panels. The study evaluates the model's performance by varying channel number, transmitter half-angle values, and field of view (FOV) parameters over a 3 to 5-meter transmission range. Results demonstrate that the proposed Light Fidelity indoor multiplexing model excels with an inter-channel spacing of 25 nm, particularly for Mux 2x2 and Mux 4x4 schemes. Longer-wavelength channels exhibit lower bit error rates (BER) and superior Q-factor values compared to others. Reliable performance within the 3 to 5-meter range is achieved with transmitter half-angle values of 30 0 and 45 0 , enhanced by adopting a higher Lambertian order value (m>1) to ensure signal quality with a superior signal-tonoise ratio (SNR). Additionally, employing a FOV of 30 0 solely complies with the optical communication standard (BER < 10-12) for distances spanning 3 to 5 meters.

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Section: Proposed Model Of Multiplexing Channel System On Indoor Ligh...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first reflection of DC channel gain H(0) LOS in the LOS transmission can be formulated as follows [14], [21], [23]:…”

Section: Proposed Model Of Multiplexing Channel System On Indoor Ligh...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis of Optical Channel Multiplexing System on Indoor Light

2024

IJIES

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“…Li-Fi technology uses a light-emitting diode (LED) light source that is used for lighting [7] while transmitting data by creating binary codes 1 and 0 when the LED blinks, which is invisible to the human eye [8]. The utilization of LEDs as an optical source in Li-Fi technology is launched by LED panel (LP) lamp drivers using fixed, movable, and hybrid LP scenarios where each scenario provides different network coverage and propagation systems [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In practical use, Li-Fi is better for indoor communication because the propagation characteristics of Li-Fi systems are still limited to line of sight (LOS) conditions [2], [8], [10]. So that if there is an external light source and the optical detector is blocked, then the signal will be disturbed even if the signal cannot be determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So that if there is an external light source and the optical detector is blocked, then the signal will be disturbed even if the signal cannot be determined. Because light intensity decreases with distance from the source, the LED distance needs to be determined, and Li-Fi requires that the source and destination be in direct LOS condition [8]. Research [11] describes Li-Fi technology as the future of wireless optical communication technology, which is being widely explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Bit Rate and Distance Variation on Multiplexing System of Indoor Li-Fi Technology Using Movable LED Panel

Khair¹,

Mustika

Isnawati3³

et al. 2023

J. RESTI (Rekayasa Sist. Teknol. Inf.)

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The major problem of using light fidelity (Li-Fi) technology is still limited to the line of sight (LOS) conditions, which poses a challenge to perform bandwidth efficiency to support increased bit rates, especially for indoor use. In addition, the distance between the lamp driver (transmitter) and the receiver becomes a critical discussion to determine the characteristics of propagation losses. Therefore, this study focuses on analyzing the performance of an indoor Li-Fi multiplexing system using a movable LED panel (LP) based on parameters of bit rate and distance variation on multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) 2x2 and 4x4. The parameter analysis of signal quality included optical and electrical signal spectrum characteristics, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), bit error rate (BER), and Q-factor parameters. Based on the results, the increase in bit rate and distance significantly increases the BER value and decreases the Q-factor value. Both the 2x2 and 4x4 mux systems can meet standards up to a bit rate of 30 Mbps at a LOS distance of 3 meters, while at a bit rate of 40 Mbps, there are no channels that meet the ITU-T standard. In addition, the quality of the signal received at a distance of 4 meters, the 2x2 mux system can only reach the standard at a bit rate of 20 Mbps for all channels. However, channel 3 and channel 4 on the 4x4 mux system model still have the BER and Q-factor values that meet the standard in the bit rate of 30 Mbps. However, the decrease in the SNR value affected by the bit rate increase and distance is insignificant. Therefore, it becomes an opportunity for further observation of the proposed multiplexing system, detection scheme, or responsivity, and signal processing on the receiver side to be reliable on the higher bit rate.

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Analysis and Optimisation of Best Practice for Proper Lookout at Night

Khalique,

Bury,

Loughney

2024

TransNav

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A significant proportion of accidents appear to be caused by a lack of maintaining a 'proper lookout' on a ship's bridge. The root cause for these accidents could be the result of watchkeeper's lack of awareness of requirements to maintain a proper lookout. This paper utilises the authors' proposed definition of this term and then discusses the outputs from a study on improving watchkeeper behaviour carried out in ship bridge simulators, using eye tracking devices. The study involves applying the proposed method of carrying out visual search scans together with underlining distractions caused by Multifunction Displays (MFDs) found on modern ship bridges. Based on the findings, the paper evaluates the impact of the proposed scan method for maintaining a proper lookout, reduction in distractions caused by MFDs and discusses how it is almost impossible to achieve a complete dark adaptation with the presence of MFDs and other lighting on modern ship bridges. This research offers a solution to control these risks through risk assessment, together with training and education for watchkeepers to overcome these issues. This study is expected to contribute significantly to improving watchkeeper's behaviour in maintaining lookout and application of the proposed scan method.

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Designing of Cell Coverage in Light Fidelity

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Performance Analysis of Optical Channel Multiplexing System on Indoor Light

Performance Analysis of Optical Channel Multiplexing System on Indoor Light

Analysis of Bit Rate and Distance Variation on Multiplexing System of Indoor Li-Fi Technology Using Movable LED Panel

Analysis and Optimisation of Best Practice for Proper Lookout at Night

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