Designing peptide‐based FSL constructs to create Miltenberger kodecytes

Henry, Stephen; Komarraju, S.; Heathcote, Damien; Rodionov, I. L.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-2824.2011.01505.x

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Published S protein peptide sequences for SARS‐CoV‐2 (Genebank QHD43416.1) were used to determine candidate peptide epitopes suitable for construction as FSL constructs 13,14,18 . Nonglycosylated peptides sequences were selected according to algorithms (Tables S1, S2 and S3), including the use of space‐filling models, 19–21 such as DNASTAR 22 of the glycan naked peptide 23 (Figure 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Published S protein peptide sequences for SARS-CoV-2 (Genebank QHD43416.1) were used to determine candidate peptide epitopes suitable for construction as FSL constructs. 13,14,18 Nonglycosylated peptides sequences were selected according to algorithms (Tables S1, S2 and S3), including the use of space-filling models, [19][20][21] such as DNASTAR 22 of the glycan naked peptide 23 (Figure 1). Eight unique peptide sequences, plus two variations (491H & 888H, with additional histidine tail sequences) were selected (Table 1) and constructed into FSL constructs (Figure 2).…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Fsl Constructsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID‐19 antibody screening with SARS‐CoV‐2 red cell kodecytes using routine serologic diagnostic platforms

et al. 2021

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Background The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is having a major global impact, and the resultant response in the development of new diagnostics is unprecedented. The detection of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has a role in managing the pandemic. We evaluated the feasibility of using SARS‐CoV‐2 peptide Kode Technology‐modified red cells (C19‐kodecytes) to develop an assay compatible with existing routine serologic platforms. Study Design and Methods A panel of eight unique red cells modified using Kode Technology function‐spacer‐lipid constructs and bearing short SARS‐CoV‐2 peptides was developed (C19‐kodecyte assay). Kodecytes were tested against undiluted expected antibody‐negative and ‐positive plasma samples in manual tube and three column agglutination technology (CAT) platforms. Parallel analysis with the same peptides in solid phase by enzyme immunoassays was performed. Evaluation samples included >120 expected negative blood donor samples and >140 COVID‐19 convalescent plasma samples, with independent serologic analysis from two centers. Results Specificity (negative reaction rate against expected negative samples) in three different CAT platforms against novel C19‐kodecytes was >91%, which correlated with published literature. Sensitivity (positive reaction rate against expected positive convalescent, PCR‐confirmed samples) ranged from 82% to 97% compared to 77% with the Abbott Architect SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG assay. Manual tube serology was less sensitive than CAT. Enzyme immunoassay results with some Kode Technology constructs also had high sensitivity. Conclusions C19‐kodecytes are viable for use as serologic reagent red cells for the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody with routine blood antibody screening equipment.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sars-cov-2 Fsl Constructsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID‐19 antibody screening with SARS‐CoV‐2 red cell kodecytes using routine serologic diagnostic platforms

et al. 2021

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“…Extrapolation of these results suggests that it may be possible to use FSL constructs to neutralise circulatory antibodies and allow for incompatible transfusion ⁄ transplantation although further research is still required. Furthermore the possibility of extending these concepts into neutralising antibodies against protein antigens is also now possible with FSL-peptide constructs [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling transfusion reactions with kodecytes and enabling ABO‐incompatible transfusion with function‐spacer‐lipid constructs

Henry

Barr

Oliver

2012

ISBT Science Series

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Background KODE technology uses Function‐Spacer‐Lipid (FSL) constructs for artificial attachment of blood group antigens onto live cells (kodecytes) and visualisation, thus making it potentially suitable to model both transfusion reactions and determine in vivo cell survival. Additionally, as some FSL constructs are glycolipid‐like, the possibility exists that they may also neutralise circulating antibodies, in the same way Lewis glycolipids were historically used to allow Lewis incompatible transfusions. Aims To determine if kodecytes can be used to both mimic and monitor transfusion reactions in an animal model, and also to determine if FSL construct infusions can neutralise circulating antibodies and allow for an incompatible transfusion. Methods Naïve, anti‐A positive (immunised), and anti‐A positive/FSL‐A neutralised mice were given transfusions of murine kodecytes created with FSL‐biotin and FSL‐A. Levels of surviving kodecytes were determined at multiple time‐points via their biotin label. Analysis for anti‐A was performed with inkjet printed FSL‐A constructs in a micro immunoassay. Results Normal kodecyte survival was observed in control animals. Mice with anti‐A predominantly cleared their incompatible A‐kodecyte transfusions within 6 min. Mice with anti‐A that had been neutralised with an FSL‐A infusion had normal survival of their incompatible A‐kodecyte transfusions. Re‐challenge transfusions of A‐kodecytes into mice previously given FSL‐A (once the FSL‐A had cleared from their circulation) gave two different results. One group cleared the incompatible A‐kodecytes within minutes while the other had normal survival, suggesting potential induction of tolerance. Conclusions Kodecytes can be used to model blood group A incompatible transfusions in animals. FSL‐A can neutralise anti‐A and allow for incompatible A‐kodecyte transfusion. The potential exists to extend these research observations into clinical use to allow for transfusion and transplantation across the ABO barrier, or at least mitigate the consequences of accidental ABO incompatibilities.

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“…) have given improved performance (unpublished). The potential exists to make a large range of peptide antigen kodecytes, provided their peptide epitopes are known (or mimetics exist) and can be chemically synthesized as an FSL .…”

Section: Peptide Blood Group Antigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications for kodecytes in immunohaematology

Henry

Perry

Bovin

2017

ISBT Science Series

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Red cells used in immunohaematology are mostly limited to those that nature provides. Very few techniques are available for adding new functionalities to cells, without affecting their intrinsic functionality or vitality. Kode Technology is a surface modification technology that uses amphipathic function‐spacer‐lipid constructs to rapidly and harmlessly attach bioactive material to cell surfaces (creating kodecytes) and nonbiological surfaces (koded surfaces). Originally designed to attach blood group glycans onto red blood cells for quality control use, the technology has since expanded to modification of any type of cell, enveloped virus, liposome and nonbiological surfaces (including plastics, metals and glass). Today, Kode Technology and the resultant kodecytes are being used in a range of cell‐based diagnostics, as powerful research tools, and most recently as a potential immuno‐oncotherapeutic agent; soon to enter human trials. Immunohaematology applications and opportunities to use the technology in the form of kodecytes range from quality control kits, competency training panels, diagnostic reagents with synthetic rare blood group antigens or infectious disease markers. The constructs can be used for solid‐phase antibody mapping and also have potential as therapeutics, including in vivo neutralization of ABO antibodies. Together with a large range of R&D constructs, Kode Technology remains the most extensive and easy‐to‐use technology for adding bioactive material onto the surface of cells for research and diagnostics.

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Designing peptide‐based FSL constructs to create Miltenberger kodecytes

Cited by 8 publications

References 52 publications

COVID‐19 antibody screening with SARS‐CoV‐2 red cell kodecytes using routine serologic diagnostic platforms

COVID‐19 antibody screening with SARS‐CoV‐2 red cell kodecytes using routine serologic diagnostic platforms

Modeling transfusion reactions with kodecytes and enabling ABO‐incompatible transfusion with function‐spacer‐lipid constructs

Applications for kodecytes in immunohaematology

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