Designing resource efficient integrated crop management modules for direct seeded rice-zero till wheat rotation of north western India: Impacts on system productivity, energy-nutrient-carbon dynamics

Biswakarma, Niraj; Pooniya, Vijay; Zhiipao, R.R.; Kumar, Dinesh; Shivay, Yashbir Singh; Meena, Mahesh Chand; Lama, Achal; Das, Kajal; Jat, R. D.; Puniya, Manmohan

doi:10.1080/03650340.2022.2079635

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The wheat yield was enhanced by 9.8–11.3% during 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 under ZTW with Happy seeder (T7) over residue burning and residue removal plots. Increased crop residue decomposition likely increased nutrient availability, which in turn increased wheat yield by boosting the soil's microbial population and soil organic matter content 15 , 26 , 31 , 37 , 53 , 54 . Comparatively, higher wheat yield was recorded in ZTW drill sown after full residue removal and lowest was found in CTW broadcast sown with rotavator after using chopper and spreader with full residue load.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, ZT, in conjunction with residue retention, was found to be an important option for protecting the SOC and limiting C mineralization. Thus resulted in supply of more nutrients to the crop as well as enhanced water holding capacity and provided better aeration 18 , 53 , 60 , 61 . Due to the availability of a food source, crop residue retention promotes higher microbial population as compared to residue removal under ZT and CT 62 , 63 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rice residue management alternatives in rice–wheat cropping system: impact on wheat productivity, soil organic carbon, water and microbial dynamics

Korav,

Yadav,

Yadav

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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In the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP), rice–wheat cropping system (RWCS) predominates, producing large quantity of crop residue and its management is major concern. Farmers usually burn the residue to clear the field for succeding crop, and burning damages soil microbes, resulted in loss of soil organic matter. Hence, current study was conducted to assess the impact of different Happy seeder based residue management options on changes in microbial dynamics, enzyme activities and soil organic matter content and also to know that alternative method for attaining sustainable wheat productivity in sandy loam soils of Haryana, India. Results revealed that Zero tillage wheat (ZTW) with partial and full residue retention treatments sown with Happy seeder (after using chopper and spreader), and ZTW with anchored stubbles significantly enhanced soil microbial count by 47.9–60.4%, diazotropic count by 59.0–73.1% and actinomycetes count by 47.3–55.2%, grain yield by 9.8–11.3% and biomass yield by 7.4–9.6% over conventional tilled (CT) residue burning and residue removal plots. ZTW sown with surface retention of rice crop residue increased the organic carbon by 0.36–0.42% and the soil moisture content by 13.4–23.6% over CTW without residue load. Similarly, ZTW sown with Happy seeder with full residue enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity from 95.3 µg TPF g−1 soil 24 h−1 in 2018–2019 to 98.6 µg TPF g−1 soil 24 h−1 in 2019–2020 over control plots. Likely, microbial population and enzymatic activity showed strong positive correlation under variable residue retention practices. However, increased microbial population reduced the soil pH from 7.49 to 7.27 under ZTW with residue retention plots. The wheat yield enhanced by 9.8–11.3% during 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 under ZTW with Happy seeder with full residue load over residue burning and residue removal plots. ZTW sown with Happy seeder under full residue retention, achieved maximum net return 43.16–57.08 × 103 ₹ ha−1) and B-C ratio (1.52 to 1.70) over CTW without residue. Therefore, rice residue needs to be managed by planting wheat using appropriate machinery under ZT for sustaining higher productivity in RWCS and improve soil health and environment under IGP regions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice residue management alternatives in rice–wheat cropping system: impact on wheat productivity, soil organic carbon, water and microbial dynamics

Korav,

Yadav,

Yadav

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…In rice elds, where alternating aerobic-anaerobic conditions prevail, denitri cation can result in the loss of up to fty percent of the applied nitrogen (Singh & Singh, 2008). Additionally, PTR practices can cause delays in wheat sowing due to limited time between rice harvest and wheat sowing, as well as farmers' preference for repeated tillage operations (an average of 5-6 ploughings) to achieve loose and friable soil with ne tilth (Biswakarma et al, 2022). Such delays in wheat planting can result in yield reductions of approximately 8-9% (Kumar & Ladha, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of irrigation, fertilizer, and pesticide management practices on groundwater and soil health in the rice-wheat cropping system: A comparison of conventional, resource conservation technologies and conservation agriculture

Shah,

Dam,

Singh

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Agricultural intensification in the Northwestern Indo-Gangetic Plain (NWIGP), a critical food bowl supporting millions of people, is leading to groundwater depletion and soil health degradation, primarily driven by conventional cultivation practices, particularly the rice-wheat (RW) cropping system, which comprises over 85% of the IGP. Therefore, this study presents a systematic literature review of input management in the RW system, analyzes district-wise trends, outlines the current status, addresses challenges, and proposes sustainable management options to achieve development goals. Our district-wise analysis estimates potential water savings from 20–60% by transitioning from flood to drip, sprinkler, laser land leveling, or conservation agriculture (CA). Alongside integrating water-saving technologies with CA, crop switching and recharge infrastructure enhancements are needed for groundwater sustainability. Furthermore, non-adherence with recommended fertilizer and pesticide practices, coupled with residue burning, adversely affects soil health and water quality. CA practices have demonstrated substantial benefits, including increased soil permeability (up to 51%), improved organic carbon content (up to 38%), higher nitrifying bacteria populations (up to 73%), enhanced dehydrogenase activities (up to 70%), and increased arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi populations (up to 56%). The detection of multiple fertilizers and pesticides in groundwater underscores the need for legislative measures and the promotion of sustainable farming practices similar to European Union strategies. Lastly, greater emphasis should be placed on fostering shifts in farmers' perceptions toward optimizing input utilization. The policy implications of this study extend beyond the NWIGP region to the entire country, stressing the critical importance of proactive measures to increase environmental sustainability.

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Impact of irrigation, fertilizer, and pesticide management practices on groundwater and soil health in the rice–wheat cropping system—a comparison of conventional, resource conservation technologies and conservation agriculture

Shah,

van Dam,

Singh

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Designing resource efficient integrated crop management modules for direct seeded rice-zero till wheat rotation of north western India: Impacts on system productivity, energy-nutrient-carbon dynamics

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Rice residue management alternatives in rice–wheat cropping system: impact on wheat productivity, soil organic carbon, water and microbial dynamics

Rice residue management alternatives in rice–wheat cropping system: impact on wheat productivity, soil organic carbon, water and microbial dynamics

Impact of irrigation, fertilizer, and pesticide management practices on groundwater and soil health in the rice-wheat cropping system: A comparison of conventional, resource conservation technologies and conservation agriculture

Impact of irrigation, fertilizer, and pesticide management practices on groundwater and soil health in the rice–wheat cropping system—a comparison of conventional, resource conservation technologies and conservation agriculture

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