“…Generally, a smaller value of ΔE means better bifunctional properties associated with oxygen. As shown in Figure a, MS-Co SA -N-C-800°C shows the ΔE value of 0.76 V, with is smaller than those of MS-CoNC-900°C (0.8 V), MS-CoNC-1000°C (0.91 V), Co@NC-700°C (0.97 V), Co@NC-800°C (1.05 V), and Co@NC-900°C (0.96 V) and the major results of recent reports (Table S6), ,− ,,− implying the excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic performance of MS-Co SA -N-C-800°C. To evaluate the practical application of the MS-Co SA -N-C-800°C electrocatalyst in energy conversion storage devices, a primary Zn-air battery was assembled utilizing MS-Co SA -N-C-800°C loaded nickel foam on a gas diffusion layer serving as an air cathode, together with a Zn plate as anode and 6.0 M KOH as electrolyte, respectively (Figure c).…”