Designing thermal environments to promote convex interface shapes during the vertical Bridgman growth of cadmium zinc telluride

On the effects of furnace gradients on interface shape during the growth of cadmium zinc telluride in EDG furnaces

“…On the other hand, a higher applied gradient promotes the axial conduction of latent heat, and the interface flattens. This result is exactly as computed by Kuppurao et al [23], where the relative balance of axial and radial fluxes, as affected by the design of the ampoule support, was shown to affect interface shape of CZT in the cone region of the ampoule.…”

“…Kuppurao et al [21,22] analyzed a 75 mm diameter vertical Bridgman system for CZT and found that convection levels in the melt were intense enough to result in a relatively flat interface away from the ampoule. Later computations [23] showed that furnace design could control the interface shape, even made convex toward the melt, during early growth through the cone region of the ampoule, when convective effects were not strong. Yeckel and Derby [24,25] showed how transient flows driven by the accelerated crucible rotation technique (ACRT) affected mass transfer and interface shape in both large-and small-scale CZT Bridgman systems.…”

Analysis of the growth of cadmium zinc telluride in an electrodynamic gradient freeze furnace via a self-consistent, multi-scale numerical model

“…Sen et al [20], Pfeiffer and Mu¨hlberg [21], and Parfeniuk et al [22], employed models that neglected melt convection, which is important in this system. Since then more detailed two-dimensional models have been developed to study the application of both vertical [23][24][25][26] and horizontal [27][28][29] Bridgman methods to the production of CZT substrates. Ghaddar et al [30] used a three-dimensional model to study the effect of rotating magnetic field to suppress buoyant melt convection in CdTe grown in by traveling heater method in a micro-gravity environment.…”

Three-dimensional imperfections in a model vertical Bridgman growth system for cadmium zinc telluride

“…The g-ray devices promise to be very useful in portable, sensitive detectors for medical imaging and monitoring of nuclear material [22][23][24]. This material is also extremely difficult to grow [25][26][27] and has been the object of numerous studies, including a notable microgravity experiment by Larson et al [28,29] on USML-1 and USML-2 and extensive modeling by Derby and co-workers [14,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. Cadmium telluride and its alloys have unusual thermophysical properties which make their growth very different from other semiconductor crystals.…”