Designing wetlands for controlling coal mine drainage: an ecologic-economic modelling approach

Evaluating the use of recycled coal combustion products in constructed wetlands: an ecologic-economic modeling approach

“…Standing stock, the sum of biomass and detritus held above the surface of the wetland substrate, is assumed to influence water movement and so positively affects the phosphorus sedimentation rate in the phosphorus submodel whether alive or dead. A similar approach in modeling macrophyte dynamics was used in Baker et al (1991) and Flanagan et al (1994). The standing stock serves as a set of ʻliving weirsʼ that reduce the velocity of the inflow, thereby enhancing physical sedimentation of phosphorus.…”

“…Some studies have also attempted to interlink ecology model and economic analysis (Baker et al, 1991;Breaux et al, 1995;Grant and Thompson, 1997;Robles-Diaz-de-Leon and Vava-Tudela, 1998;van der Belt et al, 1998;Cardoch et al, 2000). Few studies, however, have been conducted to connect ecological functions of constructed wetlands (e.g., phosphorus retention) with their economic consequences through a combined ecologic-economic modeling approach.…”

Accumulation and Fate of Contaminants (Zn, Pb, Fe and S) in Substrates of Wetlands Constructed for Treating Mine Wastewater

“…The extent to which metals are available for biological 56 uptake depends on the substrate redox conditions and pH (Gambrell et al, 1991; 57 Lefroy et al, 1993), the organic matter content and sulphate concentration (Miller 58 et al, 1983; Wood and Shelley, 1999; Yu et al, 2001), which in turn can be affected 59 by the activity of plant roots (Jacob and Otte, 2003). 60 Although contaminant removal efficiencies for treatment wetlands are reported 61 extensively (Hedin et al, 1994;Gusek and Wildeman, 2002;Younger et al, 2002;62 O' Sullivan et al, 2003), there is a dearth of information concerned with the long-63 term fate of the contaminants (Faulkner and Richardson, 1989;Baker et al, 1991; 64 Beining and Otte, 1996; Athay et al, 2003). This is because the technology is 65 relatively new and developing and few systems exist for more than 10 years for 66 which there are extensive data.…”

First Steps in the Development of a Method for Evaluating Environmental Restoration Projects

“…For several other examples, see Berger (1990). Dune regeneration- Hiebert (1990) and Pickart (1990), and coal mine site restorationAC4,34 Covert (1990) and Baker et al (1991) are other examples of techniques with some background literature.…”