Desogestrel in hormone replacement therapy: long‐term effects on bone, calcium and lipid metabolism, climacteric symptoms, and bleeding

Marslew, U.; Riis, Bente Juel; Christiansen, Claus

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1991.tb01416.x

Cited by 34 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Bone mineral content (BMC; units) in the forearms was measured by single photon absorptiometry using an iodine-125 source (Osteometer DT100, Osteometer A/ S, Denmark) [7,8]. The long-term in vivo precision error is less than 1% [9].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biochemical markers of bone turnover to monitor the bone response to postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy

1995

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Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) prevents postmenopausal bone loss, and is therefore increasingly prescribed to prevent the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Because of individual differences in the response to HRT as well as problems with compliance, it has been debated how the skeletal response to HRT should be monitored. When estrogen production decreases at the menopause, a number of biochemical markers of bone turnover increase considerably in the order of 50%-100% from baseline. When HRT is instituted, the markers decrease again within the following 3-6 months. In the present prospective study we investigated whether the determination of biochemical markers of bone turnover may be useful for monitoring the skeletal effect of HRT. Seventy-six early postmenopausal women received HRT and 43 received placebo. The treatment period was 24 months and the women were followed with repeated bone mass measurements (every 3 months) which allowed calculation of the bone loss. Serum and urine samples were collected at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. The placebo group lost a significant amount of bone mineral density in both the forearm and the spine (p < 0.001), whereas the HRT group did not. There was, however, a relatively large overlap of values between the HRT and placebo groups, especially in the spine. After 3 months' treatment the correlation between the changes in the markers and the bone loss was r = 0.59, and this value increased to r = 0.66 at 6 months and r = 0.76 and r = 0.77 at 12 and 24 months, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main objective of the studies was to evaluate different preventive therapies for early postmenopausal bone loss. Details of the selection and exclusion criteria are given elsewhere [7,8].…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical markers of bone turnover to monitor the bone response to postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy

1995

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“…One hundred and thirty-three women were randomly allocated to one of four groups receiving: Study 3 [5][6][7]. Study 3 consisted of two parts (A and B), each with two HRT groups and one placebo group.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We reviewed published data [2][3][4][5][6] from three randomized, longitudinal, double-masked studies of the prevention of postmenopausal bone loss with hormone replacement therapy (HRT). All the participants were healthy postmenopausal women aged 45-54 years, with a menopausal duration of 6 months to 3 years at entry.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-responders to hormone replacement therapy for the prevention of postmenopausal bone loss: Do they exist?

1994

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Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) prevents postmenopausal bone loss, but the prevalence of non-responders in healthy early postmenopausal women is not known. In order to study this, we reviewed data from three published studies, each carried out in a randomized, placebo-controlled, longitudinal design over 2 year, that used seven hormone replacement therapies. Bone mineral content (BMC) was measured in the distal forearm by single photon absorptiometry. A mathematical model for elimination of measurement errors was applied to published BMC data. After this correction, we found that only 1.2% of early healthy postmenopausal women who are receiving HRT in conventional doses will lose more than 1% of forearm BMC per year. In conclusion, most, if not all, healthy early postmenopausal women who might need HRT against loss of bone will respond positively in forearm BMC to such therapy.

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“…The increase in HDL is reduced or completely abolished by the addition of gestagen [16,[19][20][21][22][23]. As with bone density, the favorable effect of estrogen on serum lipids persists only during current therapy.…”

Section: Improving the Lipid Profile With Estrogen Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen-Progestin Hormone Replacement Therapy: Evaluation of Epidemiological Studies

Beckermann¹

2001

Heart Drug

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A systematic review was carried out based on a comprehensive literature search using Medline (years 1980–2000) and the Cochrane Database, covering the topic ‘hormone replacement therapy’ (HRT). Two hundred and forty published trials have been analyzed and evaluated based on their statistical and conceptual strength. Estrogen therapy leads to lower LDL cholesterol and a higher HDL/LDL ratio. Conjugated estrogen taken orally leads to higher triglyceride levels. Progestin, however, reduces the favorable effect of estrogen on serum lipids. Other surrogate parameters such as lipoprotein(a), homocysteine, blood pressure, vessel diameter measurements, Doppler ultrasound assessment, exercise ECG, parameters of carbohydrate metabolism or clotting factors may be favorably influenced by HRT, but they cannot prove a favorable effect on cardiovascular disease in general, as long as there is no proven mortality or morbidity benefit. In 1998, the Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study showed that women with preexisting cardiovascular disease receive no benefit from long-term (4–5 years) HRT, but have an increased rate of thromboembolism, especially in the first 4 months of treatment. No data exist about the influence of very long-term (>10 years) HRT on cardiovascular disease, either for healthy women or for women with preexisting cardiovascular disease. Very long-term HRT effects might be different from short-term effects. Hence, with regard to the prevention of cardiovascular disease, the following conclusions can be drawn: there are no reliable data to unequivocably prove the benefit of long-term HRT in healthy women. On the contrary, there is a 2- to 3-fold increased risk of thrombosis and embolism in the first months of treatment. Caution should therefore be exercised when using HRT, particularly with regard to the potentially harmful adverse effects.

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Desogestrel in hormone replacement therapy: long‐term effects on bone, calcium and lipid metabolism, climacteric symptoms, and bleeding

Cited by 34 publications

References 16 publications

Biochemical markers of bone turnover to monitor the bone response to postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy

Biochemical markers of bone turnover to monitor the bone response to postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy

Non-responders to hormone replacement therapy for the prevention of postmenopausal bone loss: Do they exist?

Estrogen-Progestin Hormone Replacement Therapy: Evaluation of Epidemiological Studies

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