Destruction of meningeal cells over the medial cerebral hemisphere of newborn hamsters prevents the formation of the infrapyramidal blade of the dentate gyrus

Hartmann, Dieter; Sievers, Jobst; Pehlemann, F. W.; Berry, Martin

doi:10.1002/cne.903200103

Cited by 62 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Informatively, the tissues we show to express SDF-1 have been implicated previously in dentate granule cell migration (21). Selective destruction of medial cerebral meningeal cells, with secondary degeneration of the Cajal-Retzius cells lining the hippocampal fissure, leads to a defect in DG morphogenesis, apparently via a disruption of granule cell migration (21,28). Our present findings indicate that the loss of SDF-1͞ CXCR4 signaling could, at least in part, mediate this migratory defect.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

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Abnormal development of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in mice lacking the CXCR4 chemokine receptor

Lü

Grove

Miller

2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

397

375

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We investigated the role of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor in development of the mouse hippocampus. CXCR4 mRNA is expressed at sites of neuronal and progenitor cell migration in the hippocampus at late embryonic and early postnatal ages. mRNA for stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), the only known ligand for the CXCR4 receptor, is expressed close to these migration sites, in the meninges investing the hippocampal primordium and the primordium itself. In mice engineered to lack the CXCR4 receptor, the morphology of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) is dramatically altered. Gene expression markers for DG granule neurons and bromodeoxyuridine labeling of dividing cells revealed an underlying defect in the stream of postmitotic cells and secondary dentate progenitor cells that migrate toward and form the DG. In the absence of CXCR4, the number of dividing cells in the migratory stream and in the DG itself is reduced, and neurons appear to differentiate prematurely before reaching their target. Our findings indicate a role for the SDF-1͞CXCR4 chemokine signaling system in DG morphogenesis. Finally, the DG is unusual as a site of adult neurogenesis. We find that both CXCR4 and SDF-1 are expressed in the adult DG, suggesting an ongoing role in DG morphogenesis.C hemokines (chemotactic cytokines) are a family of small proteins that orchestrate the diverse functions of cells of the immune system (1). The effects of these proteins are transduced by a family of G protein-coupled receptors (1). In addition to their roles in the control of normal leukocyte trafficking, chemokines and their receptors also play important roles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disease and of AIDS. In the latter case, some chemokine receptors, particularly CCR5 and CXCR4, have been shown to act as cellular binding sites for the HIV-1 virus (2).In addition to their widespread expression in the immune system, it now has been shown that chemokines and their receptors are expressed throughout the central nervous system. All of the major cell types in the brain, including neurons, glia, and microglia, have been shown to express many of the known receptors for chemokines (3, 4). Furthermore, many cells in the brain can synthesize and secrete chemokines under a variety of circumstances. It has been speculated widely that the chemokines and their receptors may be important in the genesis of the inflammatory component associated with diverse brain disorders and also with the pathogenesis of the widespread neurological symptoms associated with infection by the HIV-1 virus (3, 4). However, it is less clear which roles chemokines might play with respect to the normal functions of the brain. One possibility that has been raised, by analogy with their effects on leukocytes, is that chemokines and their receptors have an important chemotactic function in the migration of developing neurons during embryogenesis (5).The CXCR4 receptor is one of the most highly expressed chemokine receptors both during development and in the mature brain (6-8). Deletion of th...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Therefore, we analyzed expression of CXCR4 and SDF-1 in CD-1 mice at 6-10 weeks of age. Late dentate granule neurons arise from dividing cells in the DG hilus or along the inner surfaces of the DG blades (25,28). In the adult, we found that SDF-1 now is expressed strikingly in the DG blades (Fig.…”

Section: Dgmentioning

confidence: 64%

Abnormal development of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in mice lacking the CXCR4 chemokine receptor

Lü

Grove

Miller

2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

397

375

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Historically, no distinctions in the functional, structural, and neural innervation of the two blades of the dentate gyrus have been emphasized. However, more recent studies have identified a number of neurochemical, neuroanatomical, and functional differences between the two blades (Hartmann et al 1992;Tamamaki 1997;Scharfman et al 2002;Choi et al 2003;Kim et al 2004;Witter and Amaral 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental novelty is associated with a selective increase in Fos expression in the output elements of the hippocampal formation and the perirhinal cortex

VanElzakker¹,

Fevurly²,

Breindel³

et al. 2008

Learn. Mem.

157

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If the hippocampus plays a role in the detection of novel environmental features, then novelty should be associated with altered hippocampal neural activity and perhaps also measures of neuroplasticity. We examined Fos protein expression within subregions of rat hippocampal formation as an indicator of recent increases in neuronal excitation and cellular processes that support neuroplasticity. Environmental novelty, but not environmental complexity, led to a selective increase of Fos induction in the final “output” subregion of the dorsal hippocampal trisynaptic circuit (CA1) and a primary projection site (layer five of the lateral entorhinal cortex, ERC), as well as in the perirhinal cortex. There was no selective effect of novelty on Fos expression within “input” elements of the trisynaptic circuit (ERC layer two, the dentate gyrus or CA3) or other comparison brain regions that may be responsive to overall motor-sensory activity or anxiety levels (primary somatosensory and motor cortex or hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus). Test session ambulatory behavior increased with both novelty and environmental complexity and was not significantly correlated with Fos expression patterns in any of the brain regions examined. In contrast, the extent of manipulated environmental novelty was strongly correlated with Fos expression in CA1. These results support the prospect that a novelty-associated signal is generated within hippocampal neurocircuitry, is relayed to cortical projection sites, and specifically up-regulates neuroplasticity-supporting processes with dorsal hippocampal CA1 and ERC layer five. Whether novelty-dependent Fos induction in perirhinal cortex depends on this hippocampal output or reflects an independent process remains to be determined.

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“…In support of this possibility, CXCR4 is expressed in the germinal region of the rhombic lip, the only region from which the cerebellar granule cell precursors are generated (Wingate RJ and Hatten ME, 1999;Tissir F et al, 2004). Previous studies demonstrated that selective destruction of the meninges in this region causes reduction of the superficial basal lamina, a misrouting of cell migration within the VZ and the abnormal development of radial glia (Hartmann D et al, 1992;Sievers J et al, 1994;Hartmann et al, 1998).…”

Section: Cerebellar Granule Precursor Cells-mentioning

confidence: 98%

Multiple roles of chemokine CXCL12 in the central nervous system: A migration from immunology to neurobiology

Ransohoff

2008

Progress in Neurobiology

307

245

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Chemotactic cytokines (chemokines) have been traditionally defined as small (10-14 kDa) secreted leukocyte chemoattractants. However, chemokines and their cognate receptors are constitutively expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) where immune activities are under stringent control. Why and how the CNS uses the chemokine system to carry out its complex physiological functions has intrigued neurobiologists. Here, we focus on chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 that have been widely characterized in peripheral tissues and delineate their main functions in the CNS. Extensive evidence supports CXCL12 as a key regulator for early development of the CNS. CXCR4 signaling is required for the migration of neuronal precursors, axon guidance/pathfinding and maintenance of neural progenitor cells (NPCs). In the mature CNS, CXCL12 modulates neurotransmission, neurotoxicity and neuroglial interactions. Thus, chemokines represent an inherent system that helps establish and maintain CNS homeostasis. In addition, growing evidence implicates altered expression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in the pathogenesis of CNS disorders such as HIVassociated encephalopathy, brain tumor, stroke and multiple sclerosis (MS), making them the plausible targets for future pharmacological intervention.

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Destruction of meningeal cells over the medial cerebral hemisphere of newborn hamsters prevents the formation of the infrapyramidal blade of the dentate gyrus

Cited by 62 publications

References 44 publications

Abnormal development of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in mice lacking the CXCR4 chemokine receptor

Abnormal development of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in mice lacking the CXCR4 chemokine receptor

Environmental novelty is associated with a selective increase in Fos expression in the output elements of the hippocampal formation and the perirhinal cortex

Multiple roles of chemokine CXCL12 in the central nervous system: A migration from immunology to neurobiology

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