Destruction of Microorganisms in Water, Sewage, and Sewage Sludge by Ionizing Radiations

Lowe, Harry N.; Lacy, William J.; Surkiewicz, Bernard F.; Jaeger, Robert F.

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1956.tb16670.x

Cited by 25 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Several studies have confirmed the efficacy of ionizing radiation for treating sewage sludge (Lowe et al 1956;Pikav and Shubin 1984;Hashimoto et al 1986;Lessel 1988;Swinwood and Fraser 1993;Wang and Wang 2007). Among many types of radiation (viz., gamma, beta, alpha, x-ray, and ultraviolet), gamma radiation is the most commonly used in the treatment of sewage sludge (Getoff 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Potential of Gamma Irradiated Sewage Sludge as Fertilizer in Radish: Evaluating Heavy-Metal Accumulation in Sandy Loam Soil

Rathod

Patel

Jhala

2011

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

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Soil application of sewage sludge as an amendment in crop plants has became a popular method of municipal sewage-sludge disposal in many countries. However, the presence of heavy metals in untreated sewage sludge has raised concerns of adverse effects on crop growth, quality of product, and environmental health. Gamma irradiation is one of the treatments for hygienization of sewage sludge before use as fertilizer.To evaluate the potential of gamma-irradiated sewage sludge as fertilizer in vegetable crops, the field investigation was conducted in a root crop, radish (Raphanus sativus L.), during the 2005-06 and 2006-07 growing seasons in a sandy loam soil. Treatments consisted of three source of fertilizers [farmyard manure (FYM), gamma-irradiated sewage sludge (GISS), and nonirradiated sewage sludge (NISS)]; each were compared at six application levels (1, 3, 6, 7, 9, and 11 t ha −1 ). The physicochemical properties of all the three fertilizers used in this study were compared. Growth parameters and yields of radish were not significantly influenced by source of fertilizers or their application levels, except plant stand, which was influenced by type of fertilizers used. There was no significant difference observed between source of fertilizer treatments with respect to any of the measured soil properties, including major nutrients [nitrogen (N) (Co)]. Soil P and Zn were influenced by the various level of fertilizers. However, the interaction effect of source and level of fertilizer was absent for all the measured parameters. The maximum pollutant limits in sewage sludge and soil for agricultural use in different countries were compared. The concentration of metallic micronutrients and heavy metals in soil were less than the prescribed limit of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), and no significant accumulation was noted after 2 years of application of GISS and NISS even at higher application rates. , phosphorus (P), and potassium (K)], metallic micronutrients [copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn)], and heavy metals [nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and cobalt

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Potential of Gamma Irradiated Sewage Sludge as Fertilizer in Radish: Evaluating Heavy-Metal Accumulation in Sandy Loam Soil

Rathod

Patel

Jhala

2011

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

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“…As far as environmental application of ionizing radiation is concerned, Lowe et al [20] carried out one of the earliest studies applying radiation technology to wastewater purification using Co-60 gamma irradiator to disinfect actual effluent. After the irradiation sources became available in 1960s, the environmental application of ionizing radiation in the treatment of water, wastewater and sewage sludge was intensively studied [4].…”

Section: Gamma Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of radiation technology to sewage sludge processing: A review

Wang

2007

Journal of Hazardous Materials

164

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“…Studies have proven the efficacy of ionising radiations for treating water and sewage (Lowe et al, 1956;Pikav and Shubin, 1984). Disinfection by gamma radiation offers an attractive alternative in the treatment of water, waste water and sludge (Getoff, 1992;Waite et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of gamma irradiation for bio-solid waste management

Rathod

Patel

Shah

et al. 2008

IJEWM

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Gamma irradiation is a form of pure energy which is currently used most widely for food and waste irradiation. To evaluate the potential of gamma irradiated sludge for its suitability as a soil amendment in agriculture, field experiments were carried out in a root crop, carrot (Daucus carota). Treatments consisting of three sources of manure (Farmyard Manure (FYM), gamma-irradiated sewage sludge and non-irradiated sewage sludge), each at three different levels (5, 10 and 15 t ha-1), were compared. The growth parameters and yield of carrot was not significantly influenced by the three sources of manure or their different levels. Values for EC, pH, organic carbon, total N, available P and K, metallic micronutrients (Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu) and heavy metals (Ni, Cd, Pb, Co) indicate no adverse effect on soil properties.

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Destruction of Microorganisms in Water, Sewage, and Sewage Sludge by Ionizing Radiations

Cited by 25 publications

References 12 publications

Potential of Gamma Irradiated Sewage Sludge as Fertilizer in Radish: Evaluating Heavy-Metal Accumulation in Sandy Loam Soil

Potential of Gamma Irradiated Sewage Sludge as Fertilizer in Radish: Evaluating Heavy-Metal Accumulation in Sandy Loam Soil

Application of radiation technology to sewage sludge processing: A review

Evaluation of gamma irradiation for bio-solid waste management

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