Destruction of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Salmonella spp., and Mycoplasma spp. in Raw Milk by a Commercial On-Farm High-Temperature, Short-Time Pasteurizer

Abstract

The 2002 NAHM's Dairy Survey indicated that 87.2% of dairy farms in the United States feed waste milk to their neonatal calves. Although cost-effective, this practice can lead to increased calf morbidity and mortality due to ingestion of pathogenic agents. In an effort to reduce the risk of infection, dairy producers are implementing on-farm pasteurization of the waste milk as a control procedure before feeding the milk to calves. In the present study, the efficacy of a commercial high-temperature, short-time (HTST) on-farm pasteurizer unit to destroy Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Salmonella enterica spp., and Mycoplasma spp. in raw milk was evaluated. Replicate experiments were run for 3 isolates of M. paratuberculosis, 3 serovars of Salmonella (derby, dublin, typhimurium); and 4 species of Mycoplasma (bovis, californicum, canadense, serogroup 7) at 2 different levels of experimental inoculation. In addition, HTST pasteurization experiments were performed on colostrum experimentally inoculated with M. paratuberculosis. After culture of the pasteurized milk samples, no viable M. paratuberculosis, Salmonella, or Mycoplasma were recovered, regardless of species, strain, or isolate. Pasteurization of colostrum was also effective in the destruction of M. paratuberculosis but resulted in an average 25% reduction in colostral immunoglobulin. These results suggest that HTST pasteurization is effective in generating a safer product to feed to young calves.

Composition and properties of bovine colostrum: a review

“…Green et al (2003), using HTST (high-temperature short-time, 72°C for 15 s) pasteurisation of colostrum, reported an average 28.4% loss of native IgG, and that all samples congealed into a thick, pudding-like consistency during or immediately after pasteurisation. These results are in agreement with those of Stabel et al (2004), who reported a 25% reduction in native IgG concentration and gelling of the colostrum after HTST pasteurisation.…”

Nutritional and microbiological quality of bovine colostrum samples in Brazil

“…Colostrum can be contaminated by microorganisms, which can reduce animal performance as well as increase morbidity and mortality rates (Godden, 2008;Stabel et al, 2004). These pathogens may originate from the mammary gland or contaminate the colostrum during collection, manipulation, and storage processes (Stewart et al, 2005).…”

Alimentación y manejo del calostro en el ganado de leche

“…Algunos de los patógenos que pueden estar presentes en el calostro, ya sea provenientes de la glándula mamaria o de la contaminación en el manejo del mismo y que pueden ser transmitidos a las terneras incluyen: Mycobacterium avium spp. Paratuberculosis, Salmonella spp., Micoplasma spp., Listeria monocytogens Campylobacter spp., Mycobacterium bovis y Escherichia coli (Dominguez 1997;Stabel 2001;Stabel 2004;Stewart 2005;Godden et al 2006). Estos agentes infecciosos pueden ocasionar enfermedades como la enteritis y septicemia.…”