Destruction of Salmonella enteritidis in Poultry Feed by Combination of Heat and Propionic Acid

Matlho, George; Himathongkham, Sakchai; Riemann, Hans; Kass, Philip H.

doi:10.2307/1592443

Cited by 37 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Although both physical or chemical methods can be employed to destroy bacteria in animal feed (Cooke, 2002;Matlho et al, 1997), by far the most prevalent method is heat treatment, usually in conjunction with feed processing procedures such as pelleting, extrusion or roasting (Anon, 1998). Although it has been suggested that animal feeds should be heated to 80-85°C to destroy Salmonella (Jones and Richardson, 2004;Veldman et al, 1995), heat tolerance varies among serovars, with decimal reduction times at 80°C (and 0.8 water activity) ranging from approximately 2 to 12 min (Cooke, 2002).…”

Section: Decontamination Of Feed During Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Contaminated Feed in the Epidemiology and Control ofSalmonella entericain Pork Production

Davies

Hurd

Funk

et al. 2004

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

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Food animal producers have ethical obligations to reduce the risk of foodborne hazards in animals under their care. Contaminated feed is a recognized source of Salmonella infection of food animals and regulations to control Salmonella contamination of animal feed have existed in some countries for decades. The impact of reducing Salmonella contamination of animal feeds on the risk of human foodborne salmonellosis is difficult to assess, and is likely to vary among food animal industries. In the context of U.S. pork production, factors that may attenuate or negate the impact (on public health) of regulatory interventions to control Salmonella in commercial feed include widespread use of on-farm mixing of swine feed; incomplete decontamination of feed during processing; post-processing contamination of feed at feed mills or in transportation or on-farm storage; the multitude of nonfeed sources of Salmonella infection; an apparently high risk of post-farm infection in lairage; and post-harvest sources of contamination. A structured survey of the extent of Salmonella contamination of animal feed in the United States is necessary to enable more informed debate on the feasibility and likely efficacy of enforcing a Salmonella-negative standard for animal feeds to reduce the incidence of human salmonellosis.

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Section: Decontamination Of Feed During Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Contaminated Feed in the Epidemiology and Control ofSalmonella entericain Pork Production

Davies

Hurd

Funk

et al. 2004

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

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“…The addition of propionic acid to chicken feeds at levels of 60 -100 mM greatly reduced the population of Salmonella spp. and limited the ability of Salmonella to colonize the chicken cecum (6,(13)(14)(15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of Propionate Toxicity in Salmonella enterica Identify 2-Methylcitrate as a Potent Inhibitor of Cell Growth

Horswill¹,

Dudding

Escalante‐Semerena

2001

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 showed increased sensitivity to propionate when the 2-methylcitric acid cycle was blocked. A derivative of a prpC mutant (which lacked 2-methylcitrate synthase activity) resistant to propionate was isolated, and the mutation responsible for the newly acquired resistance to propionate was mapped to the citrate synthase (gltA) gene. These results suggested that citrate synthase activity was the source of the increased sensitivity to propionate observed in the absence of the 2-methylcitric acid cycle. DNA sequencing of the wild-type and mutant gltA alleles revealed that the ATG start codon of the wild-type gene was converted to the rare GTG start codon in the revertant strain. This result suggested that lower levels of this enzyme were present in the mutant. Consistent with this change, cell-free extracts of the propionate-resistant strain contained 12-fold less citrate synthase activity. This was interpreted to mean that, in the wild-type strain, high levels of citrate synthase activity were the source of a toxic metabolite. In vitro experiments performed with homogeneous citrate synthase enzyme indicated that this enzyme was capable of synthesizing 2-methylcitrate from propionyl-CoA and oxaloacetate. This result lent further support to the in vivo data, which suggested that citrate synthase was the source of a toxic metabolite.

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“…Considering a possible synergistic effect between variables, their optimum levels would provide a set of safety values ensuring a feasible treatment to be implemented in the food industry. The time of heat treatment was fixed to 2 min, which has been reported as enough to achieve a significant reduction in the feed microbial population (Matlho et al, 1997;Hutchison et al, 2007).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Times of heat treatment from < 1 min at 71.1°C (Matlho et al, 1997) to 3.5-4.0 min at 78°C-80°C (Blank et al, 1996) have been reported for decontaminating poultry feed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Antimicrobial Combined Effect of Organic Acids and Temperature on Foodborne Salmonella and Escherichia coli in Cattle Feed by Response Surface Methodology

Amado

Vázquez²,

Fuciños³

et al. 2013

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

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Despite the importance of feedstuffs and feed ingredients in the food chain, few studies have analyzed the effectiveness of usual methods for the microbial decontamination of feeds. This work aimed to study the combined effect of temperature and organic acids (formic or lactic) on the inactivation of 10 isolates of Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli obtained from vegetable feed ingredients, including cereals and other processed materials, in cattle feed. A central composite design was used with acid concentrations ranging from 0 to 0.2% (vol/wt) and temperatures from 50°C to 70°C. Second-order models were obtained to predict the survival inhibitions. The results reported in the present study indicate that temperature affects the survivability more significantly than acid concentration, whose effect was isolate dependent. However, after 2 min of treatment, optimal microbial inhibitions were generally achieved at temperatures above 65°C, using 0.1% formic acid or 0.2% lactic acid for Salmonella isolates and around 0.1% lactic acid or 0.2% formic acid for E. coli isolates, respectively. This work provides a set of guidelines helpful to reduce microbial contamination of feeds and highlights the importance of feed-ingredient monitoring to reduce pathogen contamination risk during feed processing.

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Destruction of Salmonella enteritidis in Poultry Feed by Combination of Heat and Propionic Acid

Cited by 37 publications

References 13 publications

The Role of Contaminated Feed in the Epidemiology and Control ofSalmonella entericain Pork Production

The Role of Contaminated Feed in the Epidemiology and Control ofSalmonella entericain Pork Production

Studies of Propionate Toxicity in Salmonella enterica Identify 2-Methylcitrate as a Potent Inhibitor of Cell Growth

Optimization of Antimicrobial Combined Effect of Organic Acids and Temperature on Foodborne Salmonella and Escherichia coli in Cattle Feed by Response Surface Methodology

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