Desulfurization of JP-8 jet fuel: challenges and adsorptive materials

Tran, Dat T.; Palomino, Jessica M.; Oliver, Scott R. J.

doi:10.1039/c7ra12784g

Cited by 45 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…The high energy density, ease of transportation, and ready availability of liquid hydrocarbon fuels make them an attractive option for generating electricity in remote locations with fuel cells. 1 This approach remains problematic, however, since sulfur in fuels can cause quick deactivation of fuel cell electrodes. 2 Therefore, ultralow-sulfur fuels (e.g., with total sulfur content below 10 or even 1 ppmw) are required for the smooth operation of fuel cell systems.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Adsorptive desulfurization has emerged as a promising approach for removing sulfur from JP-8 in remote locations because it does not require high volumes of solvents or reactive gases. 1,4,5 However, this approach presents considerable challenges. Liquid fuels such as JP-8 are highly complex mixtures containing 10 to 25 wt % aromatics 7 that compete with benzothiophenes for the active sites of the adsorbent.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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JP-8 Desulfurization by CuNa-Y Zeolite at Elevated Temperatures Has Two Distinct Stages: Chemisorption Followed by Surface Reactions

Silva

Wong

Zygourakis

2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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This study evaluates the performance of continuous-flow adsorbers for adsorptive desulfurization. JP-8 fuel with 2230 ppmw of sulfur was treated in a flow-through adsorber packed with CuNa-Y zeolite pellets and operating at 180 °C and 200 psig with liquid hourly space velocities (LHSV) from 0.13 to 3.24 h–1. Our results showed that a flow-through adsorber operating under these conditions can effectively reduce the sulfur content of JP-8 to ultralow values (1–10 ppmw) over the entire LHSV range tested, although the overall performance of the adsorber declined with increasing flow rates as expected. We also observed that the total sulfur removal exceeded the theoretical adsorption limit of our zeolite adsorbent. Detailed characterization of the treated fuel and spent adsorbent via chromatographic and surface analysis techniques revealed that desulfurization occurs in two stages. Sulfur is initially removed via adsorption (chemisorption) on the CuNa-Y zeolite, an assertion supported by simulations with a transient heterogeneous model. As the adsorbent becomes saturated, however, surface chemical reactions start taking place, leading to the formation of hydrogen sulfide and polymerization products and depositing carbon residues on the zeolite. The spent adsorbent was regenerated by treating it with air at 550 or 600 °C, which restored the adsorption capacity of the material to about 90% of its initial value.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

JP-8 Desulfurization by CuNa-Y Zeolite at Elevated Temperatures Has Two Distinct Stages: Chemisorption Followed by Surface Reactions

Silva

Wong

Zygourakis

2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Deep desulfurization of lighter fuels, such as gasoline, is usually carried out using hydrodesulfurization (HDS) [ 162 , 164 ]. However, several issues associated with HDS, including demanding operating conditions, requiring high temperatures and elevated pressures; non-selective hydrogenation; inefficiency for less reactive aromatic sulfur compounds (DMBT, TMBT); and low octane levels, call for new methods of desulfurization that are low cost and less energy intensive [ 165 ].…”

Section: Ms Framework and Nanomaterials In Desulfurization Of Jp-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To go in depth on other materials for jet fuels is beyond the scope of this review. For more details on catalytic materials for desulfurization of aviation fuels, we direct our readers to one excellent review provided by Tran et al [ 165 ].…”

Section: Ms Framework and Nanomaterials In Desulfurization Of Jp-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Frameworks for Efficient Desulfurization of Fuels

Mendiratta

Ali

2020

Nanomaterials

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Considerable health and climate benefits arising from the use of low-sulfur fuels has propelled the research on desulfurization of fossil fuels. Ideal fuels are urgently needed and are expected to be ultra-low in sulfur (10–15 ppm), with no greater than 50 ppm sulfur content. Although several sulfur removal techniques are available in refineries and petrochemical units, their high operational costs, complex operational needs, low efficiencies, and higher environmental risks render them unviable and challenging to implement. In recent years, mesoporous silica-based materials have emerged as promising desulfurizing agents, owing to their high porosity, high surface area, and easier functionalization compared to conventional materials. In this review, we report on recent progress in the synthesis and chemistry of new functionalized mesoporous silica materials aiming to lower the sulfur content of fuels. Additionally, we discuss the role of special active sites in these sorbent materials and investigate the formulations capable of encapsulating and trapping the sulfur-based molecules, which are challenging to remove due to their complexity, for example the species present in JP-8 jet fuels.

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“…4,5 In addition, even if HDS is efficient for the removal of thiols, sulfides and disulfides, it shows lower performance in the removal of heterocyclic sulfur compounds, such as dibenzothiophene (DBT) and its derivatives. 6 To overcome these issues, several alternative methods, such as biodesulfurization, pervaporation desulfurization, adsorptive desulfurization, extractive desulfurization and oxidative desulfurization, have been applied and improved. 7,8 Among them, adsorptive desulfurization has recently attracted particular interest as it occurs through physicochemical adsorption processes, requiring low temperature and pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-based chitosan and cellulose ionic liquid gels: polymeric soft materials for the desulfurization of fuel

et al. 2022

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Desulfurization of JP-8 jet fuel: challenges and adsorptive materials

Abstract: This review describes ongoing efforts to remove the bulky organosulfur compounds from Jet Propellant 8 (JP-8) that cannot be removed by hydrodesulfurization.

Cited by 45 publications

References 92 publications

JP-8 Desulfurization by CuNa-Y Zeolite at Elevated Temperatures Has Two Distinct Stages: Chemisorption Followed by Surface Reactions

JP-8 Desulfurization by CuNa-Y Zeolite at Elevated Temperatures Has Two Distinct Stages: Chemisorption Followed by Surface Reactions

Recent Advances in Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Frameworks for Efficient Desulfurization of Fuels

Bio-based chitosan and cellulose ionic liquid gels: polymeric soft materials for the desulfurization of fuel

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