Desulphurization of damped battery paste by sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide

Lyakov, Nedialko K.; Atanasova, Dimitrina A.; Vassilev, V.; Haralampiev, Georgi Al.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.06.014

Cited by 49 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Generally, the pastes that are scraped from spent lead acid battery electrodes contain PbSO 4 (50-60%), PbO 2 (30-35%), PbO (4-10%) and Pb (1-5%), [1][2][3][4] while the lead material derived from cathodes and anodes of batteries in this study were pure PbO 2 (497%) and Pb (499.9%), respectively. Generally, the pastes that are scraped from spent lead acid battery electrodes contain PbSO 4 (50-60%), PbO 2 (30-35%), PbO (4-10%) and Pb (1-5%), [1][2][3][4] while the lead material derived from cathodes and anodes of batteries in this study were pure PbO 2 (497%) and Pb (499.9%), respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

Comment on “Environmentally responsible fabrication of efficient perovskite solar cells from recycled car batteries” by Po-Yen Chen, Jifa Qi, Matthew T. Klug, Xiangnan Dang, Paula T. Hammond and Angela M. Belcher, Energy Environ. Sci., 2014

Yuan

et al. 2015

Energy Environ. Sci.

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A paper published in Energy and Environmental Science by Po-Yen Chen et al. reported on a new route for fabricating perovskite solar cells using ''recycled car batteries'' (spent lead acid batteries) as starting materials. Multiple lines of evidence show that it was a new lead acid battery and not a recycled one that was used to synthesize lead iodide perovskite materials in this work. As the components of electrodes are different between new batteries and spent ones, this fabricating method would not be applicable for use in recycled car batteries.

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mentioning

confidence: 83%

Comment on “Environmentally responsible fabrication of efficient perovskite solar cells from recycled car batteries” by Po-Yen Chen, Jifa Qi, Matthew T. Klug, Xiangnan Dang, Paula T. Hammond and Angela M. Belcher, Energy Environ. Sci., 2014

Yuan

et al. 2015

Energy Environ. Sci.

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“…In order to convert PbSO 4 to PbCO 3 by reaction (1), a mixture of paste, sodium carbonate and water in the mass ratio of 100:28:250 (molar ratio Na 2 CO 3 /S = 1.1, solid/liquid ratio 500 g/L) was vigorously stirred for 0.5 h at 80°C using a magnetic stirrer. After completion of the desulfurization reaction, the filtered solids were washed with distilled water (about 300 ml/kg), dried at 105°C for 24 h, and then they were made into pellets (Lyakov et al, 2007;Lin and Qiu, 2011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, hydrometallurgical approaches for desulfurization of spent lead acid battery paste convert sulfur (PbSO 4 ) in the paste into soluble sulfates (Na 2 SO 4 , etc.) by reacting with alkaline reagents such as NaOH, Na 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 or (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 solutions (Lyakov et al, 2007;Morachevskii et al, 2001), or organic reagents such as C 6 H 8 O 7 Á H 2 O (Zhu et al, 2013), or ethanolamine (Begum et al, 1989). The traditional treatment methods are smelting, and dissolution by acid digestion followed by electro-winning (Ferracin et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of lead from lead paste in spent lead acid battery by hydrometallurgical desulfurization and vacuum thermal reduction

Qiu

2015

Waste Management

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“…Upon completion of the primary electronic search and evidencebased analyses, the research team conducted another secondary search to fill in gaps found in the tables of evidence-based information discussed in the results section and reported in the Appendices. Additional studies and reports include, among others, the work of Akihiko (2004), Abrams et al (1999), Hughes (2000), Kenson (2005), Lyakov et al (2007), Olson (2008), Olympia Resource Limited 2005, Saman and Nutter (1994), Warner et al (2006), Wolters et al (2008), and Xstrata (2006).…”

Section: Additional Practices and Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence-based integrated environmental solutions for secondary lead smelters: Pollution prevention and waste minimization technologies and practices

Genaidy

Sequeira

Tolaymat

et al. 2009

Science of The Total Environment

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An evidence-based methodology was adopted in this research to establish strategies to increase lead recovery and recycling via a systematic review and critical appraisal of the published literature. In particular, the research examines pollution prevention and waste minimization practices and technologies that meet the following criteria: (a) reduce/recover/recycle the largest quantities of lead currently being disposed of as waste, (b) technically and economically viable, that is, ready to be diffused and easily transferable, and (c) strong industry interest (i.e., industry would consider implementing projects with higher payback periods). The following specific aims are designed to achieve the study objectives: Aim 1 - To describe the recycling process of recovering refined lead from scrap; Aim 2 - To document pollution prevention and waste management technologies and practices adopted by US stakeholders along the trajectory of LAB and lead product life cycle; Aim 3 - To explore improved practices and technologies which are employed by other organizations with an emphasis on the aforementioned criteria; Aim 4 - To demonstrate the economic and environmental costs and benefits of applying improved technologies and practices to existing US smelting operations; and Aim 5 - To evaluate improved environmental technologies and practices using an algorithm that integrates quantitative and qualitative criteria. The process of identifying relevant articles and reports was documented. The description of evidence was presented for current practices and technologies used by US smelters as well as improved practices and technologies. Options for integrated environmental solutions for secondary smelters were introduced and rank ordered on the basis of costs (i.e., capital investment) and benefits (i.e., production increases, energy and flux savings, and reduction of SO(2) and slag). An example was provided to demonstrate the utility of the algorithm by detailing the costs and benefits associated with different combinations of practices and technologies. The evidence-based methodology documented in this research reveals that it is technically and economically feasible to implement integrated environmental solutions to increase lead recovery and recycling among US smelters. The working example presented in this research can be confirmed with US stakeholders and form the basis for implementable solutions in the lead smelter and product industries to help reverse the overall trend of declining life-cycle recycling rates.

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Desulphurization of damped battery paste by sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide

Cited by 49 publications

References 6 publications

Comment on “Environmentally responsible fabrication of efficient perovskite solar cells from recycled car batteries” by Po-Yen Chen, Jifa Qi, Matthew T. Klug, Xiangnan Dang, Paula T. Hammond and Angela M. Belcher, Energy Environ. Sci., 2014

Comment on “Environmentally responsible fabrication of efficient perovskite solar cells from recycled car batteries” by Po-Yen Chen, Jifa Qi, Matthew T. Klug, Xiangnan Dang, Paula T. Hammond and Angela M. Belcher, Energy Environ. Sci., 2014

Recovery of lead from lead paste in spent lead acid battery by hydrometallurgical desulfurization and vacuum thermal reduction

Evidence-based integrated environmental solutions for secondary lead smelters: Pollution prevention and waste minimization technologies and practices

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