Detachment of CVD-grown graphene from single crystalline Ni films by a pure gas phase reaction

Single Crystalline Metal Films as Substrates for Graphene Growth

“…Yet, at other tunneling voltages they were completely invisible (Figure S3), and their concentrations were generally much higher than the defect concentrations derived from Raman spectra (after delamination of the graphene layers). These are strong indications that most of these STM features were defects in the Ni substrate rather than in the graphene layer …”

“…Figure e reprinted from Ref. [] "Detachment of CVD‐grown graphene from single crystalline Ni films by a pure gas phase reaction", P. Zeller, A.‐K. Henß, M. Weinl, L. Diehl, D. Keefer, J. Lippmann, A. Schulz, J. Kraus, M. Schreck, J. Wintterlin, Surf.…”

“…[]) and STM data ( Figure ) showed that under well‐controlled conditions [680°C and 2 × 10 −9 mbar ethylene, followed by annealing at 750°C for 45 min (see Figure )] a (1 × 1) graphene structure could be grown. A (1 × 1) structure is expected from the almost identical lattice constants of graphene and Ni(111), and has been reported for bulk Ni(111) single crystals as well as for thin Ni films . Figure a shows two terraces covered by the (1 × 1) structure and a coherently overgrown atomic step.…”

“…In the following, we present a résumé of results on the surface quality of the films, on the quality of the epitaxial graphene grown on these films, and, in the case of Ni(111), on a new detachment method. Individual results have been published in detailed previous reports, but also new data will be shown.…”

“…In contrast, polycrystalline metal foils represent sacrificial supports that can simply be etched after graphene growth, fulfilling the low cost condition, but they do not provide control of the graphene orientation. An obvious idea is to combine the advantages of these two substrate types by using thin single crystalline metals films, and there have been several attempts following this notion …”