Detailed analysis of defect reduction in electrowetting dielectrics through a two-layer ‘barrier’ approach

Schultz, A.; Chevalliot, Stéphanie; Kuiper, S.; Heikenfeld, Jason

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2013.03.008

Cited by 43 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…11 The maximum AC voltage used in this EW device is 42 V rms in order to prevent dielectric breakdown, which occurs at~50 V for these devices. 34 Reversing the direction of voltage sweep, the CA of the water droplet recovers to~163°, which is very close to the initial CA. Most important, a very low hysteresis was observed (with a maximum value of 3°).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…b, a ΔCA of 70° is obtained between zero bias and 42 V rms, which is almost the same as that obtained from EW devices with conventional fluoropolymer hydrophobic surfaces . The maximum AC voltage used in this EW device is 42 V rms in order to prevent dielectric breakdown, which occurs at ~50 V for these devices . Reversing the direction of voltage sweep, the CA of the water droplet recovers to ~163°, which is very close to the initial CA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrowetting on non‐fluorinated hydrophobic surfaces

You

Steckl

2013

J Soc Info Display

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-Fluorinated polymers, the most extensively used hydrophobic surface materials for electrowetting (EW) devices, are expensive and have potential risks to health and environment. In this paper, EW devices fabricated with non-fluorinated hydrophobic surfaces are demonstrated by using a polysiloxane-modified polyacrylate (BYK® Silclean® 3700, Louisville, KY). Water contact angle, which is the most critical parameter of EW devices, changes from~165°to~95°with a negligible hysteresis (~3°) when a 42 V AC voltage is applied. EW array display prototypes were constructed on the nonfluorinated surface and can be switched reversibly by applying a low voltage difference. These results indicate the promise of this BYK® Silclean® hydrophobic surface for EW devices in electronic readers and other mobile devices.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrowetting on non‐fluorinated hydrophobic surfaces

You

Steckl

2013

J Soc Info Display

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“…However, dielectric and hydrophobic material selection and deposition techniques are active areas of research in digital microfluidics, and many design parameters, such as the materials, thicknesses, and organization of the dielectric and hydrophobic layers, as well as the ambient medium (i.e., air vs. oil) and operating voltage and frequency can be optimized to minimize the chance of dielectric breakdown. [92][93][94][95] The performance of optimized devices can support at least 25,000 droplet actuation steps without dielectric breakdown, which is sufficiently reliable for commercial applications. 96 The work presented here demonstrates that digital microfluidics, with highly flexible and automated liquid-handling capabilities, and compatibility with a variety of in situ analytical techniques, has the potential to serve as a powerful tool for automated cell spheroid culture.…”

Section: Cell Spheroid Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Microfluidics for Automated Hanging Drop Cell Spheroid Culture

Aijian

Garrell

2015

SLAS Technology

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Cell spheroids are multicellular aggregates, grown in vitro, that mimic the three-dimensional morphology of physiological tissues. Although there are numerous benefits to using spheroids in cell-based assays, the adoption of spheroids in routine biomedical research has been limited, in part, by the tedious workflow associated with spheroid formation and analysis. Here we describe a digital microfluidic platform that has been developed to automate liquid-handling protocols for the formation, maintenance, and analysis of multicellular spheroids in hanging drop culture. We show that droplets of liquid can be added to and extracted from through-holes, or "wells," and fabricated in the bottom plate of a digital microfluidic device, enabling the formation and assaying of hanging drops. Using this digital microfluidic platform, spheroids of mouse mesenchymal stem cells were formed and maintained in situ for 72 h, exhibiting good viability (>90%) and size uniformity (% coefficient of variation <10% intraexperiment, <20% interexperiment). A proof-of-principle drug screen was performed on human colorectal adenocarcinoma spheroids to demonstrate the ability to recapitulate physiologically relevant phenomena such as insulin-induced drug resistance. With automatable and flexible liquid handling, and a wide range of in situ sample preparation and analysis capabilities, the digital microfluidic platform provides a viable tool for automating cell spheroid culture and analysis.

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“…Once the electric field exceeds the dielectric strength of the material, current starts to conduct and the electric field is limited (24). Multilayer dielectric stack has been demonstrated by several groups to show improved reliability of EWOD devices (25)(26)(27). By arranging different dielectric materials in layers, the dielectric stack configuration has provided the most robust EWOD actuation in terms of high repeatability and reliability.…”

Section: Insulator and Hydrophobic Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrowetting Effect: Theory, Modeling, and Applications

Crane

2015

Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

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Electrowetting is a phenomenon in which an electric field at a fluid interface changes the equilibrium interface position. This is generally observed as a quadratic relationship between the applied voltage and the change in the cosine of the apparent contact angle. While the phenomena were first observed more than 100 years ago, until recently, applications were limited by poor reliability. The application of modern materials and manufacturing methods has enabled the fabrication of a wide range of devices that show excellent repeatability. Applications range from focusing lenses to miniature biomedical diagnostics and optical displays. The article reviews the basic electrowetting phenomena, the characteristics of key configurations, and key materials issues in fabricating reliable electrowetting devices. Some practical applications and modeling approaches of the electrowetting phenomena are also reviewed.

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Detailed analysis of defect reduction in electrowetting dielectrics through a two-layer ‘barrier’ approach

Cited by 43 publications

References 23 publications

Electrowetting on non‐fluorinated hydrophobic surfaces

Electrowetting on non‐fluorinated hydrophobic surfaces

Digital Microfluidics for Automated Hanging Drop Cell Spheroid Culture

Electrowetting Effect: Theory, Modeling, and Applications

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