Detailed analysis of the effect of parallel lines on the impedance seen by the traditional ground distance function

New fault detection and localisation technique for double‐circuit three‐terminal transmission line

“…The p indicates the fault distance in per unit from terminal (let us say terminal R for this derivation) connected to the faulty line section. Now, inserting the value of the fault point voltage from (17) into (15), the fault distance (p) is given by (see (18)) .…”

“…Most of the papers published in past [3-16] mainly concentrate on protection of single-circuit three-terminal transmission line. Moreover, some of the recently published papers have discussed protection issues associated with double-circuit/parallel twoterminal transmission lines [18][19][20][21][22]. All the above mentioned papers have utilised sequence networks to derive the compensation factor for estimation of accurate impedance of the fault loop.…”