Combined density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo (MC) approach is applied to study the potential energy landscape of four iodine atoms adsorbed on the Pt(111) surface in a (3 3) unit cell. Three critical points were identified: (3 3)-sym and (3 3)-asym, corresponding to structures well known from experimental studies, while the third one (3 3)-zigzag is a new structure not reported before. An interaction model fitted to DFT calculations allows us to explain the difference between arrangements of iodine monolayer in vacuum, air, and solution environments as a result of different repulsion regimes. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.036102 PACS numbers: 68.35.ÿp, 68.43.ÿh, 71.15.Mb, 75.40.Mg Investigation of potential energy landscapes of different systems, such as clusters, biomolecules, and glasses, have attracted much attention over the last years [1]. The availability of high quality interaction potentials makes possible detailed analysis of minima and saddle points in order to gain valuable insight into kinetics and dynamics of these systems. On the other hand, adsorbates on well-ordered surfaces represent a system where interaction potentials are available in very few cases, mainly for rare gases adsorbed on metal surfaces [2]. For many chemisorption systems, not even a phenomenological picture of interactions is available yet. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations allow a detailed description of the potential energy surface (PES) and nowadays are routinely applied for the description of the adsorbate-substrate systems [3,4]. The shortcoming of DFT is the time required to perform the calculations, restricting the sampling of the PES to about 10 2 -10 3 points even for adsorption systems with few atoms. Different methodologies have been proposed for constructing complete analytic PES based on a limited number of DFT energies [5][6][7], but they are restricted to systems with a small number of dimensions and still require considerable computational effort. On the experimental side, the wealth of data available for the structure of different adsorbate-substrate systems [8] makes the detailed theoretical study of their energy landscapes very interesting. In this Letter, we use combined DFT and Monte Carlo (MC) approach to analyze the PES of four atoms of iodine adsorbed on the Pt(111) surface in a (3 3) unit cell. We identify three extreme points on the PES. Among the three extremes, two of them correspond to experimentally known structures and one is a new nonreported structure for this system. From characterization of the Hessian matrix and MC simulations, one can conclude that the stabilization of different structures can be rationalized by two different repulsion regimes. High-repulsion regime corresponds to experimental results in air and solution environments, while low-repulsion reproduces vacuum results.The I-Pt (111) system is one of the most well studied in the surface science and electrochemistry community [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. From the experimental point of view, it...