Detailed characterization of particulate emissions of an automotive catalyzed DPF using actual regeneration strategies

Beatrice, Carlo; Iorio, Silvana Di; Guido, Chiara; Napolitano, Pierpaolo

doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2012.01.005

Cited by 71 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In the other test the pre-DPF water injection began at 9 g (3.3 g/l) and the loading continued up to 30 g (11 g/l). The maximum loading for this second test agrees with the value commonly accepted as high soot loading to promote active regeneration [25] because of excessive pressure drop and hence fuel penalty [19,26]. In fact, although the optimum soot loading to perform active regeneration reducing fuel penalty depends on the specific strategy [20], studies performed by Singh et al [27] found the optimum soot loading in 5.5 g/l to limit the fuel penalty due to excessive pressure drop.…”

Section: Types Of Testssupporting

confidence: 67%

Pre-DPF water injection technique for pressure drop control in loaded wall-flow diesel particulate filters

et al. 2015

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ElsevierBermúdez Tamarit, VR.; Serrano Cruz, JR.; Piqueras Cabrera, P.; Garcia Afonso, O. (2015 AbstractWall-flow type diesel particulate filter (DPF) is a required aftertreatment system for particle emission abatement and standards fulfilment in Diesel engines. However, the DPF use involves an important flow restriction, especially as the substrate gets soot and ash loaded. It gives as a result the increase of the exhaust back-pressure and hence a fuel consumption penalty. The increasing damage of fuel consumption with DPF soot loading leads to the need of the regeneration process. Usually based on active strategies, this process involves an additional fuel penalty but prevents from excessive DPF pressure drop and ensures secure soot burnt out.Under this context, new solutions are required to improve the state of the art DPF soot loading to pressure drop ratio. This paper presents a novel technique based on pre-DPF water injection to reduce the DPF pressure drop under soot loading conditions by disrupting its dependence on soot/ash loading. It provides benefits to engine fuel economy and also higher flexibility for DPF regeneration and maintenance. The work covers a test campaign performed in a passenger car turbocharged Diesel engine equipped with a wall-flow DPF. The main objective is to describe the technique, to provide a figure of its potential for pressure drop control and fuel consumption reduction. The results of the experiments also confirm soot and ash loading capacity increase and demonstrate the lack of negative effects on filtration efficiency and active and passive regeneration.

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Section: Types Of Testssupporting

confidence: 67%

Pre-DPF water injection technique for pressure drop control in loaded wall-flow diesel particulate filters

et al. 2015

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“…However, a recent study showed that although the total number of particles deposited in lungs decreased with the installation of DPFs, post-DPF particles were found to contain a variety of elements known to be harmful to humans [34]. In addition, although the nature of small nanoparticles emitted from DPF and GPF systems needs to be further investigated, those particles can be fragmented soot particles escaped during regeneration [35]. If these emitted particles are oxidized soot, they have different physicochemical properties than those of engine-emissions soot; they will contain significantly increased SOCs and surface porosity.…”

Section: Effects Of Maturing Process On Soot Oxidative Reactivity Andmentioning

confidence: 94%

Oxidation-derived maturing process of soot, dependent on O2–NO2 mixtures and temperatures

Seong

Choi

2015

Carbon

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a b s t r a c tOxidizer-and temperature-dependent soot properties were investigated to better understand soot oxidation process. For this work, partially oxidized Printex-U samples as surrogate soot, under three different O 2 -NO 2 mixtures, were analyzed by using the high resolution-transmission electron microscope, Raman microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance. The results show that the maturing process was much dependent on NO 2 content in the O 2 -NO 2 mixture: with no NO 2 added, soot oxidized through the internal-burning out process, whereas with increased NO 2 in the mixture, soot tended to oxidize through the external burning process. As the NO 2 content increased, the preferential oxidation of less-ordered carbon crystallites decreased and as a result the maturing process was delayed. Internal burning-out process by O 2 only was also verified at various temperatures and with actual engine soot such as diesel soot and gasoline direct-injection (GDI) soot by TEM observations. Despite similar internal burning-out process, however, it was shown that oxidation at increased temperature resulted in relatively less-ordered soot, implying that soot maturing process was delayed with temperature. Since soot oxidation rate increased with temperature, the increase in oxidation temperature seems to diminish preference on short-ranged crystallites like more efficient O 2 -NO 2 cases.

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“…3 has been replaced shortly before our tests. A new filter might not be efficient during the first few kilometres travelled by a vehicle and will only become efficient once the filter pores are covered by a layer of soot (Beatrice et al, 2012).…”

Section: Pn Bc and No 2 Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

PAH, BTEX, carbonyl compound, black-carbon, NO2 and ultrafine particle dynamometer bench emissions for Euro 4 and Euro 5 diesel and gasoline passenger cars

Louis

Liu²,

Tassel³

et al. 2016

Atmospheric Environment

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Detailed characterization of particulate emissions of an automotive catalyzed DPF using actual regeneration strategies

Cited by 71 publications

References 25 publications

Pre-DPF water injection technique for pressure drop control in loaded wall-flow diesel particulate filters

Pre-DPF water injection technique for pressure drop control in loaded wall-flow diesel particulate filters

Oxidation-derived maturing process of soot, dependent on O2–NO2 mixtures and temperatures

PAH, BTEX, carbonyl compound, black-carbon, NO2 and ultrafine particle dynamometer bench emissions for Euro 4 and Euro 5 diesel and gasoline passenger cars

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