Detailed experimental investigation of air speed field induced by ceiling fans

Liu, Shuo; Lipczyńska, Aleksandra; Schiavon, Stefano; Arens, Edward

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.06.037

Cited by 34 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…We reviewed previous investigations on air speed distribution induced by a ceiling fan, focusing on the factors which affect that distribution. These factors include fan rotational speed [8,[30][31][32][33], blade shape and number [31,32,34,35], direction (upward or downward) [30,[36][37][38], mount distance [32,36], ceiling height [32], multiple fans [26,33], and furniture [26,27].…”

Section: Review Of Prior Studies Investigating Ceiling-fan Driven Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liu et al [33] measured the effect of single and multiple fans running at different speeds on air speed distribution (fixed fan and room size). Gao et.…”

Section: Review Of Prior Studies Investigating Ceiling-fan Driven Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The air speed distribution will differ along the diagonals from fan center to room corner. Similarly, it will differ when the fan is off center in the room and the room is not square (demonstrated in [33]). Additionally, many applications of ceiling fans use multiple fans in the same space.…”

Section: Limitations Of This Study and Practical Guidancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Ceiling fans: Predicting indoor air speeds based on full scale laboratory measurements

Raftery

Fizer²,

Chen

et al. 2019

Building and Environment

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We measured indoor air speeds generated by ceiling fans in 78 full-scale laboratory tests. The factors were the room size, fan diameter, type, speed, direction (up or down), blade height, and mount distance (i.e. blade to ceiling height). We demonstrated the influence o f t hese f actors, s howing t hat t he m ost s ignificant ar e speed, diameter and direction. With other factors fixed, t he average r oom a ir s peed i n t he o ccupied z one increases proportionally with fan air speed and diameter. Blowing fans upwards yields lower but far more uniform air speeds than downwards. We show that for the same fan diameter and airflow, f an type h as l ittle effect on the air speed distribution in the region outside the fan blades. We developed several new dimensionless representations and demonstrate that they are appropriate for comparisons over a wide range of fan and room characteristics. Dimensionless linear models predict the lowest, average, and highest air speeds in a room with a median (and 90 th percentile) absolute error of 0.03 (0.08), 0.05 (0.13), and 0.12 (0.26) m/s respectively over all 56 downwards tests, representing common applications. These models allow designers to quickly and easily estimate the air speeds they can expect for a given fan and room. We include all measured data and analysis code in this paper. Highlights:• Measured air speed distribution in 78 full-scale laboratory tests • Average air speeds increase in direct proportion to fan rotational speed and diameter • Blowing fans upwards yields lower but more uniform air speeds than downwards • At equal diameter and airflow, fan type doesn't affect air speeds in most of the room • Developed easily applied models to predict indoor air speeds with ceiling fans Graphical Abstract 2

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Section: Review Of Prior Studies Investigating Ceiling-fan Driven Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liu et al [33] measured the effect of single and multiple fans running at different speeds on air speed distribution (fixed fan and room size). Gao et.…”

Section: Review Of Prior Studies Investigating Ceiling-fan Driven Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ceiling fans: Predicting indoor air speeds based on full scale laboratory measurements

Raftery

Fizer²,

Chen

et al. 2019

Building and Environment

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“…At the same time, the building profession has recently become aware that occupants commonly prefer elevated air movement [3,4], and that cooling occupants directly with room air movement in the range of 0.3 to 1.5 m/s can enable major HVAC energy efficiencies [5] while providing a wider range of comfortable conditions in a space [6]. Refs [7,8] summarize these effects and provide recent results about integrating the room airflow patterns from ceiling fans into the design of comfortable and energy-efficient work spaces. Because airflow patterns are non-uniform and complex, there are opportunities for sensing and feedback in their control.…”

Section: Measuring Indoor Air Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring 3D indoor air velocity via an inexpensive low-power ultrasonic anemometer

Arens

Ghahramani

Przybyla

et al. 2020

Energy and Buildings

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The ability to inexpensively monitor indoor air speed and direction on a continuous basis would transform the control of environmental quality and energy use in buildings. Air motion transports energy, ventilation air, and pollutants around building interiors and their occupants, and measured feedback about it could be used in numerous ways to improve building operation. However indoor air movement is rarely monitored because of the expense and fragility of sensors. This paper describes a unique anemometer developed by the authors, that measures 3-dimensional air velocity for indoor environmental applications, leveraging new microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology for ultrasonic range-finding. The anemometer uses a tetrahedral arrangement of four transceivers, the smallest number able to capture a 3dimensional flow, that provides greater measurement redundancy than in existing anemometry. We describe the theory, hardware, and software of the anemometer, including algorithms that detect and eliminate shielding errors caused by the wakes from anemometer support struts. The anemometer has a resolution and starting threshold of 0.01m/s, an absolute air speed error of 0.05 m/s at a given orientation with minimal filtering, 3.1° angle-and 0.11m/s velocity errors over 360° azimuthal rotation, and 3.5° angle-and 0.07m/s velocity errors over 135° vertical declination. It includes radio connection to internet and is able to operate standalone for multiple years on a standard battery. The anemometer also measures temperature and has a compass and tilt sensor so that flow direction is globally referenced regardless of anemometer orientation. The retail cost of parts is $100 USD, and all parts snap together for ease of assembly.

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“…The temperature is high and stable except during the end of the year. For these reasons, there has been a tremendous study of the thermal and ventilation systems that could bring better life improvement for society in these areas [2][3][4][5][6]. Uniquely, the fluctuating high temperatures makes Malaysia's climate relatively hot, especially in several major states in Malaysia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Monstrous Fan in Malaysia: Present and Future

Othman

Abdullah

Ahamat

et al. 2019

Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity

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In the last few years, the monstrous fan has gained attention in this country for large space buildings and areas. The continuity of this product technology is important to allow it to be able to survive in the current and future market. However, there are limited studies on the present and future scenario of the monstrous fan, especially in Malaysia. Thus, the objective of this paper is to forecast its present technology, evaluating the market demand and future of the monstrous fan. For these reasons, an online survey was used to obtain feedback from suppliers and manufacturers to forecast the future of this product. In conclusion, the monstrous fan has been discussed and predicted, which can be beneficial for various parties including policy makers, government, business and technology players by representing a specific knowledge on the technical specificities of monstrous fans in Malaysia.

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Detailed experimental investigation of air speed field induced by ceiling fans

Cited by 34 publications

References 31 publications

Ceiling fans: Predicting indoor air speeds based on full scale laboratory measurements

Ceiling fans: Predicting indoor air speeds based on full scale laboratory measurements

Measuring 3D indoor air velocity via an inexpensive low-power ultrasonic anemometer

Assessing Monstrous Fan in Malaysia: Present and Future

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