Detailed information on fruiting phenology provides new insights on wood-inhabiting fungal detection

Purhonen, Jenna; Huhtinen, Seppo; Kotiranta, Heikki; Kotiaho, Janne S.; Halme, Panu

doi:10.1016/j.funeco.2016.06.007

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Consistently with this, we found decreased Ascomycota diversity in autumn weeks, when precipitation is higher than in spring. Our result is also in line with an earlier study showing that in the studied area, Ascomycota fruit-body production peaks in spring (Purhonen, Huhtinen, Kotiranta, Kotiaho, & Halme, 2017). As suggested by Elbert et al (2007), we found that samples taken during the night hold different communities with generally less species than those taken during the day hours.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Give me a sample of air and I will tell which species are found from your region: Molecular identification of fungi from airborne spore samples

Abrego

Norros

Halme

et al. 2018

Molecular Ecology Resources

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Fungi are a megadiverse group of organisms, they play major roles in ecosystem functioning and are important for human health, food production and nature conservation. Our knowledge on fungal diversity and fungal ecology is however still very limited, in part because surveying and identifying fungi is time demanding and requires expert knowledge. We present a method that allows anyone to generate a list of fungal species likely to occur in a region of interest, with minimal effort and without requiring taxonomical expertise. The method consists of using a cyclone sampler to acquire fungal spores directly from the air to an Eppendorf tube, and applying DNA barcoding with probabilistic species identification to generate a list of species from the sample. We tested the feasibility of the method by acquiring replicate air samples from different geographical regions within Finland. Our results show that air sampling is adequate for regional-level surveys, with samples collected >100 km apart varying but samples collected <10 km apart not varying in their species composition. The data show marked phenology, and thus obtaining a representative species list requires aerial sampling that covers the entire fruiting season. In sum, aerial sampling combined with probabilistic molecular species identification offers a highly effective method for generating a species list of air-dispersing fungi. The method presented here has the potential to revolutionize fungal surveys, as it provides a highly cost-efficient way to include fungi as a part of large-scale biodiversity assessments and monitoring programs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Give me a sample of air and I will tell which species are found from your region: Molecular identification of fungi from airborne spore samples

Abrego

Norros

Halme

et al. 2018

Molecular Ecology Resources

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“…Step 2: Select surrogate candidates that are easy to record and identify To be easy to record, surrogates should have long-lasting fruit bodies or at least a long fruiting season (Halme & Kotiaho 2012;Abrego et al 2016, Purhonen et al 2016). Polypores and stromatic pyrenomycetes are ideal as they fruit for a substantial part of season.…”

Section: Step 1: Define Why Do You Need a Surrogate And For Whatmentioning

confidence: 99%

The history and future of fungi as biodiversity surrogates in forests

2017

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Biodiversity surrogates are commonly used in conservation biology. Here we review how fungi have been used as such in forest conservation, emphasizing proposed surrogate roles and practical applications. We show that many fungal surrogates have been suggested based on field experience and loose concepts, rather than on rigorously collected scientific data. Yet, they have played an important role, not only in forest conservation, but also in inspiring research in fungal ecology and forest history. We argue that, even in times of ecosystem oriented conservation planning and molecular tools to analyze fungal communities, fruit bodies of macrofungi have potential as convenient conservation shortcuts and easy tools to communicate complex biodiversity for a broader audience. To improve the reliability of future fungal surrogates we propose a three step protocol for developing evidence based schemes for practical application in forest conservation.

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“…Only a fraction of the species found as DNA are detected as fruit bodies since only the most abundant species as DNA produce fruit bodies and they appear with a time delay from the colonization (Allmér et al 2006, Kubartová et al 2012, Ovaskainen et al 2013, Ottosson et al 2015. Furthermore, most of the species produce ephemeral fruit bodies emerging at different times during the fruiting season (Halme and Kotiaho 2012, Abrego et al 2016, Purhonen et al 2017, fruit bodies of some fungal species are too small to be detected with naked eye Figure 2. Euler diagrams showing the number of positively (red), negatively (blue) and neutrally (grey) associated species pairs estimated from the data based on fruit-body observations (FB) and DNA metabarcoding (DNA) (numbers on the left-and right-hand sides of the diagrams, respectively), and the number of species pairs recorded by both survey methods (numbers within the overlapping areas).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method is relatively fast and low-cost, and thus enables large scale comparative studies with conspicuous species (Halme et al 2012, Runnel et al 2015. Nevertheless, several fungal groups produce ephemeral fruit bodies during limited fruiting seasons, making the number and timing of surveys critical for species' detectability (Halme and Kotiaho 2012, Abrego et al 2016, Purhonen et al 2017. Moreover, some wood-inhabiting fungi are microscopic (Lumley et al 2000) and some individuals may not produce fruit bodies at all (Moore et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data collected by fruit body‐ and DNA‐based survey methods yield consistent species‐to‐species association networks in wood‐inhabiting fungal communities

Saine

Ovaskainen

Somervuo

et al. 2020

Oikos

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Inferring interspecific interactions indirectly from community data is of central interest in community ecology. Data on species communities can be surveyed using different methods, each of which may differ in the amount and type of species detected, and thus produce varying information on interaction networks. Since fruit bodies reflect only a fraction of the wood‐inhabiting fungal diversity, there is an ongoing debate in fungal ecology on whether fruit body‐based surveys are a valid method for studying fungal community dynamics compared to surveys based on DNA metabarcoding. In this paper, we focus on species‐to‐species associations and ask whether the associations inferred from data collected by fruit‐body surveys reflect the ones found from data collected by DNA‐based surveys. We estimate and compare the association networks resulting from different survey methods using a joint species distribution model. We recorded both raw and residual associations that respectively do not and do correct for the influence of the abiotic predictors when estimating the species‐to‐species associations. The analyses of the DNA data yielded a larger number of species‐to‐species associations than the analyses of the fruit body‐based data as expected. Yet, we estimated unique associations also from the fruit‐body data. Our results show that the directions of estimated residual associations were consistent between the data types, whereas the raw associations were much less consistent, highlighting the need to account for the influence of relevant environmental covariates when estimating association networks. We conclude that even though DNA‐based survey methods are more informative about the total number of interacting species, fruit‐body surveys are also an adequate method for inferring association networks in wood‐inhabiting fungi. Since the DNA and fruit‐body data carry on complementary information on fungal communities, the most comprehensive insights are obtained by combining the two survey methods.

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Detailed information on fruiting phenology provides new insights on wood-inhabiting fungal detection

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

Give me a sample of air and I will tell which species are found from your region: Molecular identification of fungi from airborne spore samples

Give me a sample of air and I will tell which species are found from your region: Molecular identification of fungi from airborne spore samples

The history and future of fungi as biodiversity surrogates in forests

Data collected by fruit body‐ and DNA‐based survey methods yield consistent species‐to‐species association networks in wood‐inhabiting fungal communities

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