Detailed modeling of recent severe storm tides in estuaries of the New York City region

Orton, Philip M.; Georgas, Nickitas; Blumberg, Alan F.; Pullen, Julie

doi:10.1029/2012jc008220

Cited by 104 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This means that the model will be nested in other computational models for deriving information needed at the XBeach boundaries. Both a sECOM model (Orton et al, 2012) and a Delft3D-model (Van Ormondt, 2014) will be used and validated at forehand against measurement data. The area of consideration in these models is presented in Figure 4.6.…”

Section: Hydrodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Effects of Hard Structures on Dune Erosion and Overwash

Nederhoff¹,

Lodder²,

Boers³

et al. 2015

The Proceedings of the Coastal Sediments 2015

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Front cover: During Hurricane Sandy, a combination of storm waves and surge cut across the barrier island at Mantoloking, NJ, eroding a wide beach, destroying houses and roads, depositing sand up the barrier island and into the back bay. SummaryIntroduction and problem description Many of the most densely populated areas are located near the coast. Climate change and population growth put more and more pressure on these coastal areas. As free space is becoming sparse, coastal disaster risk reduction plans need to be spatially efficient. In this thesis the sandy coast with hard structures, such as buildings or dune revetments, is addressed. These structures can either provide additional protection, enhance local erosion by developing a scour hole in cross-shore direction or result in extra retreat of the barrier in longshore direction. Field measurements and experimental data featuring these phenomena are scarce, but the measurements of the devastating impact of Hurricane Sandy (October 2012) on the New Jersey shore provides new model validation possibilities.XBeach (Roelvink et al., 2009) is used in this thesis as a tool to describe the morphodynamic behavior and to investigate the importance of each individual process. The main objective of this thesis is to obtain a better understanding of the effects of hard elements on the erosion process during storm surges. This will be done by validating and evaluating existing theory, calculation rules and models both in a conceptual study and against three new field cases in New Jersey, USA, during Hurricane Sandy. The secondary objective is to determine how to calibrate XBeach in order to accurately reproduce overwash conditions, since the model currently shows substantial overestimation of the erosion rates.Conceptual study and DnA calculation rules In a conceptual model the cross-shore and longshore effects of hard structures are reproduced. In cross-shore direction a structure cuts off the sediment supply to the beach. A positive effect is the prevention of erosion causing lower erosion volumes in hard cross-sections. One downside of a hard element is that less sediment can be deposited in the nearshore and therefore the efficiency of dissipating wave energy is lower (WL | Delft Hydraulics, 1987). This results in higher energetic conditions in front of the hard element, which can result in the development of a scour hole. Structures also have an impact in longshore direction. First of all, an alongshore exchange of sediment, driven by set-up differences, will result in less accretion. Second, locally higher short waves will result in more erosion. The impact of the hard element is that at the sides the barrier will retreat more (increased set-back). This increase in retreat is effective over certain length (influence length). Erosive processes are in XBeach for the collision regime responsible for 2/3 of the longshore effect.In order to describe the longshore effect of hard structures, the DnA calculation rules are developed. In addition,Deltares and Arcadis (2013)...

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Section: Hydrodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Effects of Hard Structures on Dune Erosion and Overwash

Nederhoff¹,

Lodder²,

Boers³

et al. 2015

The Proceedings of the Coastal Sediments 2015

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“…Numerous numerical models have been developed and applied to simulate hurricane/typhoon-induced storm surges [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Sheng et al [15] reported that the accuracy of a storm surge simulation depends on many factors including the input data (e.g., bathymetry, topography, and wind/pressure fields), the representation of important processes (e.g., flooding and drying and bottom friction), the model grid resolution, and the open boundary conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Flood Inundation Induced by River Flow and Storm Surges over a River Basin

Chen

Liu

2014

Water

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Low-lying coastal regions and their populations are at risk during storm surge events and high freshwater discharges from upriver. An integrated storm surge and flood inundation modeling system was used to simulate storm surge and inundation in the Tsengwen River basin and the adjacent coastal area in southern Taiwan. A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model with an unstructured grid was used, which was driven by the tidal elevation at the open boundaries and freshwater discharge at the upriver boundary. The model was validated against the observed water levels for three typhoon events. The simulation results for the model were in reasonable agreement with the observational data. The model was then applied to investigate the effects of a storm surge, freshwater discharge, and a storm surge combined with freshwater discharge during an extreme typhoon event. The super Typhoon Haiyan (2013) was artificially shifted to hit Taiwan: the modeling results showed that the inundation area and depth would cause severe overbank flow and coastal flooding for a 200 year return period flow. A high-resolution grid model is essential for the accurate simulation of storm surges and inundation. OPEN ACCESSWater 2014, 6 3183

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“…Surface winds and pressure data from atmospheric models are input into NHMs to generate water-level forecasts (Shen et al 2005;Di Liberto et al 2011;Orton et al 2012;Georgas et al 2014). For example, Shen et al (2005) used the Advanced Three-Dimensional Circulation Model for Coastal Ocean Hydrodynamics (ADCIRC; Westerink et al 1993) to hindcast the surge for Hurricane Isabel (2003) in Chesapeake Bay and predicted the surge (1.9-2.5 m) to within 0.3 m of the observed surge.…”

Section: A Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Regression-Based Approach for Cool-Season Storm Surge Predictions along the New York–New Jersey Coast

Roberts

Colle

Georgas

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

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A multilinear regression (MLR) approach is developed to predict 3-hourly storm surge during the coolseason months (1 October-31 March 31) between 1979 and 2012 using two different atmospheric reanalysis datasets and water-level observations at three stations along the New York-New Jersey coast (Atlantic City, New Jersey; the Battery in New York City; and Montauk Point, New York). The predictors of the MLR are specified to represent prolonged surface wind stress and a surface sea level pressure minimum for a boxed region near each station. The regression underpredicts relatively large ($95th percentile) storm maximum surge heights by 6.0%-38.0%. A bias-correction technique reduces the average mean absolute error by 10%-15% at the various stations for storm maximum surge predictions. Using the same forecast surface winds and pressures from the North American Mesoscale (NAM) model between October and March 2010-14, raw and bias-corrected surge predictions at the Battery are compared with raw output from a numerical hydrodynamic model's [the Stevens Institute of Technology New York Harbor Observing and Prediction System (SIT-NYHOPS)] predictions. The accuracy of surge predictions between the SIT-NYHOPS output and biascorrected MLR model at the Battery are similar for predictions that meet or exceed the 95th percentile of storm maximum surge heights.

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Detailed modeling of recent severe storm tides in estuaries of the New York City region

Cited by 104 publications

References 43 publications

Modeling the Effects of Hard Structures on Dune Erosion and Overwash

Modeling the Effects of Hard Structures on Dune Erosion and Overwash

Modeling Flood Inundation Induced by River Flow and Storm Surges over a River Basin

A Regression-Based Approach for Cool-Season Storm Surge Predictions along the New York–New Jersey Coast

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