Detailed molecular analyses of the hexon loop-1 and fibers of fowl aviadenoviruses reveal new insights into the antigenic relationship and confirm that specific genotypes are involved in field outbreaks of inclusion body hepatitis

Schachner, Anna; Marek, Ana; Grafl, Beatrice; Heß, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.02.008

Cited by 88 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…41 The molecular classification of FAdVs published to date was based on the hexon gene loop 1 region and the fiber gene. 2, 42 Consistently, Chinese isolates and isolates K31, 922-1, 09-8846 and 09-584 with the same amino-acid substitution at several positions in the hexon clustered into one group, whereas the previously described non-pathogenic ON1 and KR5 strains and the pathogenic MX-SHP95 strain, which shared common amino acids at these positions, clustered together into another group. This result confirms that the hexon gene can be used to investigate the genetic diversity and molecular evolution of FAdV-4 strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Genetic characterization of novel fowl aviadenovirus 4 isolates from outbreaks of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome in broiler chickens in China

Liu

Wan

Gao

et al. 2016

Emerging Microbes & Infections

104

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Since May 2015, severe outbreaks of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) associated with infections of fowl aviadenovirus (FAdV) have emerged in broiler chickens in several Chinese provinces. To identify the genotype and gain a better understanding of the genetic properties of the FAdV strains responsible for the recent HHS outbreaks in China, the complete genome sequences of five isolates from outbreaks of HHS in broiler chickens in five provinces were determined. The results demonstrated that a novel fowl aviadenovirus 4 (FAdV-4) genotype was epidemic in China. To investigate the molecular characteristics of these Chinese FAdV-4 isolates, their genome contents were compared with those of reported pathogenic and non-pathogenic FAdV-4 strains. The comparative analysis revealed that the novel Chinese FAdV-4 isolates contain various genomic deletions and multiple distinct amino-acid mutations in their major structural genes. Two additional putative genetic virulence markers in the fiber 2 gene were identified. These findings confirmed some of the genetic differences between the pathogenic and non-pathogenic FAdV-4 isolates. The data presented in this report will enhance the current understanding of the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of FAdV-4 isolates in China and will provide additional insight into the critical factors that determine the pathogenicity of FAdV-4 strains. Finally, the emergence of this novel and highly pathogenic FAdV-4 genotype emphasizes that preventive measures against FAdV-4 infections on poultry farms should be implemented in China.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Genetic characterization of novel fowl aviadenovirus 4 isolates from outbreaks of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome in broiler chickens in China

Liu

Wan

Gao

et al. 2016

Emerging Microbes & Infections

104

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“…Although outbreaks of FAdV cause significant economic losses to poultry industries globally, there have only been a few isolated reports on the presence of the virus in the Caribbean region. Serological detections have been reported in Cuba, Guyana and Trinidad & Tobago and molecular detection of the virus has been reported in the Dominica Republic (Brown Jordan, Gongora, Hartley, & Oura, 2018;Brown Jordan, Sookhoo, et al, 2018;Schachner, Marek, Grafl, & Hess, 2016). There have however been a number of reports of FAdV being present and causing disease in poultry from the nearby territories of Latin America, including the presence of FAdV-4 (Hafez, 2011;Liu et al, 2016;Mazaheri et al, 1998;Pereira et al, 2014;Rodríguez, Koga, Alvarado, & Tinoco, 2014;Toro et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of four serotypes of fowl adenovirus in clinically affected commercial poultry co‐infected with chicken infectious anaemia virus in Trinidad and Tobago

Jordan

Blake

Bisnath³

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Summary Fowl adenovirus (FAdV), which causes the high‐impact diseases such as inclusion body hepatitis and hepatitis‐hydropericardium syndrome, is of major concern to the poultry industry internationally. This study was carried out in direct response to mortality rates of up to 75% in commercial broiler flocks in Trinidad, West Indies. Symptoms in 3‐ to 8‐week‐old broilers and 13‐ to 18‐week‐old pullets pointed to infection with an immunosuppressive viral pathogen. The objectives of the study were to determine whether the infectious agent FAdV, along with other viral pathogens, was responsible for the clinical disease, and to obtain information on the serotypes of FAdV that were infecting the birds. Tissue samples from clinically affected birds from eight different farms were tested for chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV) and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) by real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for FAdV by conventional PCR. The birds tested positive for FAdV and CIAV, but negative for IBDV. The gene corresponding to the L1 loop of the hexon protein for FAdV was amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of seven FAdV strains inferred that four serotypes were likely to be circulating in the chickens. Well supported genetic relatedness was observed for serotype 8a (97.8%), 8b (97.8%), 9 (95.8%) and 11 (98.8%–99.5%). This is the first published report from Trinidad and Tobago on the presence and circulation of pathogenic FAdV strains, in combination with CIAV, in poultry. The data demonstrate a possible need for the introduction of serotype‐specific vaccines against FAdV, as well as vaccines against CIAV, in broilers in the region and emphasize the importance of maintaining high levels of biosecurity on farms to prevent the spread of these potentially devastating viruses between farms.

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“…Comprehensive epidemiological studies in which genomic analyses were performed indicate that certain species/serotypes can be isolated from a specific disease (Schachner et al ., 2016). Whereas AGE is mainly reported in connection to FAdV-1 (species A), virulent strains of FAdV-4 (species C) induce HHS and various serotypes of FAdV-D and FAdV-E are etiological agents of IBH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A larger number of IBH outbreaks were reported from Canada (Pettit and Carlson, 1972) and Iraq (Al-Sheikhly and Mutalib, 1979) based on histological diagnosis until the disease was reported from New Zealand (Saifuddin et al ., 1992) and Australia (Erny et al ., 1991), predominantly caused by FAdV-8. Single case reports were published until about 10 years ago when the number of outbreaks in geographically different areas worldwide increased substantially (Gomis et al ., 2006; Ojkic et al ., 2008 a , 2008 b ; Lim et al ., 2011; Nakamura et al ., 2011; Steer et al ., 2011; Choi et al ., 2012; Kaján et al ., 2013; Maartens et al ., 2015; Zhao et al ., 2015; Niczyporuk, 2016; Schachner et al ., 2016). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commensal or pathogen – a challenge to fulfil Koch’s Postulates

Heß

2017

British Poultry Science

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ABSTRACT1. Infectious diseases have a large impact on poultry health and economics. Elucidating the pathogenesis of a certain disease is crucial to implement control strategies.2. Multiplication of a pathogen and its characterisation in vitro are basic requirements to perform experimental studies. However, passaging of the pathogen in vitro can influence the pathogenicity, a process targeted for live vaccine development, but limits the reproduction of clinical signs.3. Numerous factors can influence the outcome of experimental infections with some importance on the pathogen, application route and host as exemplarily outlined for Histomonas meleagridis, Gallibacterium anatis and fowl aviadenoviruses (FAdVs).4. In future, more comprehensive and detailed settings are needed to obtain as much information as possible from animal experiments. Processing of samples with modern diagnostic tools provides the option to closely monitor the host–pathogen interaction.

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Detailed molecular analyses of the hexon loop-1 and fibers of fowl aviadenoviruses reveal new insights into the antigenic relationship and confirm that specific genotypes are involved in field outbreaks of inclusion body hepatitis

Cited by 88 publications

References 34 publications

Genetic characterization of novel fowl aviadenovirus 4 isolates from outbreaks of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome in broiler chickens in China

Genetic characterization of novel fowl aviadenovirus 4 isolates from outbreaks of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome in broiler chickens in China

Identification of four serotypes of fowl adenovirus in clinically affected commercial poultry co‐infected with chicken infectious anaemia virus in Trinidad and Tobago

Commensal or pathogen – a challenge to fulfil Koch’s Postulates

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