Details concerning the chloromethylation of soluble high-molecular-weight polystyrene using dimethoxymethane, thionyl chloride, and a Lewis acid: a full analysis

Wright, M.; Toplikar, Edward G.; Svejda, Steven A.

doi:10.1021/ma00021a025

Cited by 48 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…First, the chloromethylation of PAEK was carried out by the reaction with in situ-generated chloromethylmethylether catalyzed by a Lewis acid. 20 Next, the Arbusov reaction 21 with triethyl phosphite and the subsequent hydrolysis resulted in PAEK-PA. The 31 P NMR spectrum of PAEK-PA showed a single peak at 22.8 p.p.m., confirming the introduction of phosphonic acid moiety into the PAEK chain.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of high refractive index nanoparticle/poly(arylene ether ketone) nanocomposites

Imai

Terahara

Hakuta

et al. 2009

Polym J

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This paper presents a successful synthesis of transparent organic-inorganic nanocomposites from poly(arylene ether ketone) (PAEK)-based matrix polymer and BaTiO 3 nanoparticles. The dispersibility of nanoparticles was significantly improved by both the introduction of phosphonic acid moiety into the polymer chain and the organic modification of the nanoparticle surface. The structure of phosphonic-acid-modified PAEK polymer was studied by gel permeation chromatography, 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Thermal properties of nanocomposites were studied by thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. Optical clarity of nanocomposites was evaluated by a hazemeter and regular transmittance spectroscopy. Dispersion of nanoparticles was also demonstrated by transmission electron microscopic observation. Fourier transform infrared analysis was carried out to investigate the interaction between the polymer matrix and nanoparticles. Refractive indices of the obtained transparent nanocomposites, which contain up to 44.1 wt% of nanoparticles, were measured. A high refractive index of 1.72 at 589 nm was achieved.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of high refractive index nanoparticle/poly(arylene ether ketone) nanocomposites

Imai

Terahara

Hakuta

et al. 2009

Polym J

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“…Degassed methanol was used to terminate the reaction. [27] Chloromethylation reactions were performed using the method of Wright et al [28] whereby chloromethyl methyl ether was formed by the in situ reaction of dimethoxymethane and thionyl chloride in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst. A solution of chloromethylated polystyrene (either 950 or 1 900 monomers in length) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) was then reacted with an excess of 1,1-diphenylethylene-end-capped polystyryllithium [29,30] (either 300 or 670 monomers in length).…”

Section: Pss Comb Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Scattering Study of the Structure of Polystyrene Sulfonate Comb Polyelectrolytes in Solution

Papagiannopoulos

Fernyhough

Waigh

et al. 2008

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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The structures of a range of PSS combs in aqueous solutions were characterized using SLS, DLS, SANS and SAXS. Combined SLS and SANS data indicated that the comb polyelectrolytes adopted extended cylindrical structures in dilute solutions. The degree of extension of the side‐chains was analyzed by fitting the data with a novel cylindrical form factor using a variable number density of monomers. The results were in agreement with hydrodynamic radii from DLS measurements. Addition of salt to the samples caused a contraction of the cylindrical morphology, but the chains continued to adopt relatively extended conformations. In semi‐dilute solutions a universal behaviour, independent of the comb topology, was found for the screening length in SAXS measurements.magnified image

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“…However, to date, there has not been enough in-device testing and analysis of degradation mechanisms to predict which backbones show the most promising attributes under device operation and oxidative conditions. Chloromethylation in its various forms (including the Wright method of in-situ chloromethyl methyl ether generation 48 and paraformaldehyde route 49 ) will be difficult to push forward to industrial-scale synthesis. The use of chloromethyl methyl ether is a non-starter in many facilities.…”

Section: Scale-up Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for Developing New Anion Exchange Membranes and Electrode Ionomers

Hickner

2017

Electrochem. Soc. Interface

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The synthesis of new cationic polymers has accelerated the electrochemical field forward towards emerging anion exchange membrane enabled devices. Due to the lack of standard materials for cell testing and optimization, in addition to the absence of a satisfactory commercial anion exchange membranes capable of high current density for electrochemical devices, research groups are aggressively engaged in synthesizing new membrane materials and electrode ionomers. These materials are seen as critical components for the success of precious metal-free alkaline fuel cells and water electrolyzers, advanced flow batteries, CO2 reduction electrolysis cells, and other advanced electrochemical devices. For decades Nafion, and its many PFSA-type variants, have facilitated the advancement of many membrane-based electrochemical devices—in most cases operated in acidic media. However, no such standard material exists for anion exchange membranes. This article will discuss the recent evolution of anion exchange membranes geared towards electrochemical technology and point to some key breakthroughs in this field to date.

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Details concerning the chloromethylation of soluble high-molecular-weight polystyrene using dimethoxymethane, thionyl chloride, and a Lewis acid: a full analysis

Cited by 48 publications

References 1 publication

Synthesis and characterization of high refractive index nanoparticle/poly(arylene ether ketone) nanocomposites

Synthesis and characterization of high refractive index nanoparticle/poly(arylene ether ketone) nanocomposites

Scattering Study of the Structure of Polystyrene Sulfonate Comb Polyelectrolytes in Solution

Strategies for Developing New Anion Exchange Membranes and Electrode Ionomers

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