Detecting and Defending Against Seizure-Inducing GIFs in Social Media

South, Laura; Saffo, David; Borkin, Michelle A.

doi:10.1145/3411764.3445510

Cited by 14 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Social media exposure has a positive correlation to seizure experiences. Recent research conducted by South et al [ 14 ] stated that exposure to certain visual patterns on social media could trigger seizures among 3% of individuals with epilepsy. Particularly, videos and GIFs have severe effects on people with photosensitivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Instagram and Seizure: Knowledge, Access, and Perception of Circulating Information on the Internet

Popoola-Samuel,

Bhuchakra,

Tango

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Introduction:Social media has many advantages as a tool in the healthcare industry. On the other hand, the disadvantages of using social media to obtain data include the unequal quality of uncontrolled and unchecked content. Our study aimed to assess the accuracy of the information on epilepsy or issues relevant to epilepsy observed on social media. Methods:A semi-structured online questionnaire was employed, which incorporated a reliability index and a global quality index. Five different hashtags were used to obtain the Instagram posts, i.e., #seizure, #seizures, #seizuredisorder, #seizureawareness, and #seizurefree. Results: A total of 431 Instagram posts related to seizures were collected, of which 76.8% contained true information. Moreover, 6.3% of the total posts (n = 27) contained promotional content. The data were then divided into groups A and B based on their involvement in active patient care. Statistically, group A posts had more correct information being circulated when compared to group B (p = 0.000387). Group A posts also had a statistically significant higher mean global quality score (p = 0.0033). Discussion:This current study provides a comprehensive reference on the usage of social media in epilepsy to assess the veracity of the information on epilepsy and related topics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Instagram and Seizure: Knowledge, Access, and Perception of Circulating Information on the Internet

Popoola-Samuel,

Bhuchakra,

Tango

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…Recent research on accessibility for people with photosensitive epilepsy has focused on accurate and efcient detection of seizureinducing content in videos [1,3], GIFs [16], and interactive data visualizations [15]. Conversely, this work focuses on the question of how to communicate information about photosensitive risk to the viewer after a risk detection system has already identifed the potential hazard.…”

Section: Related Work 21 Photosensitive Accessibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, this work focuses on the question of how to communicate information about photosensitive risk to the viewer after a risk detection system has already identifed the potential hazard. Prior qualitative research has shown that warnings attached to seizure-inducing content are considered useful and valuable for individuals with PSE when navigating online spaces [16]. Photosensitivity warnings are commonplace on user-generated content sites such as YouTube (Figure 1C).…”

Section: Related Work 21 Photosensitive Accessibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploratory Thematic Analysis of Crowdsourced Photosensitivity Warnings

South¹,

Yıldırım²,

Pavel³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Films often include sequences of flashing lights for visual effect that may inadvertently trigger seizures when viewed by individuals with photosensitive epilepsy (PSE). Warnings about photosensitive risk in films can help people with PSE make informed decisions about their personal safety, but little is known about how to design such warnings and what information to include. To better understand the design space for photosensitive risk warnings, we conducted a qualitative analysis of 265 crowdsourced warnings about flashing lights in films. We find that the crowdsourced warnings were tightly coupled to the scenic and temporal contexts of the films being described, unlike current practices for labeling media with potentially seizure-inducing sequences using general warnings that are not specific to the media at hand. As technological capabilities for detecting seizure-inducing sequences continue to improve, understanding how to efectively communicate this information toindividuals with photosensitive epilepsy is critical for ensuring accessibility.

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“…Strobing lights can directly trigger physical pain through visual stimulus alone. Flashing lights have induced epileptic seizures, not only in children watching television [73], but also in adults playing video games, as seen during the release of the 2 Or perhaps its opposite, apathy. 2020 game Cyberpunk 2077, which contained a sequence of flashes similar to that used by neurologists to induce seizures [16].…”

Section: Graphic Violence (Physical Direct)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All that is truly needed from us is a willingness to use strobing visualizations as mere cosmetic trappings, without regard for their medical ramifications for some viewers. We refer the reader to South et al [72,73], who describe a set of highly usable methods for formulating such attacks.…”

Section: Graphic Violence (Physical Direct)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualization for Villainy

McNutt,

Huang,

Koenig

2021

Preprint

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Visualization has long been seen as a dependable and trustworthy tool for carrying out analysis and communication tasks-a view reinforced by the growing interest in applying it to socially positive ends. However, despite the benign light in which visualization is usually perceived, it carries the potential to do harm to people, places, concepts, and things. In this paper, we capitalize on this negative potential to serve an underrepresented (but technologically engaged) group: villains. To achieve these ends, we introduce a design space for this type of graphical violence, which allows us to unify prior work on deceptive visualization with novel datadriven dastardly deeds, such as emotional spear phishing and unsafe data physicalization. By charting this vile charting landscape, we open new doors to collaboration with terrifying domain experts, and hopefully, make the world just a bit worse.

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Detecting and Defending Against Seizure-Inducing GIFs in Social Media

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Instagram and Seizure: Knowledge, Access, and Perception of Circulating Information on the Internet

Instagram and Seizure: Knowledge, Access, and Perception of Circulating Information on the Internet

Exploratory Thematic Analysis of Crowdsourced Photosensitivity Warnings

Visualization for Villainy

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