Detecting Borrelia Spirochetes: A Case Study With Validation Among Autopsy Specimens

Gadila, Shiva Kumar Goud; Rosoklija, Gorazd; Dwork, Andrew J.; Fallon, Brian A.; Embers, Monica E.

doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.628045

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…While the Netherlands study also showed no significant difference between longer term treatment of patients with chronic symptoms and short-term therapy, the inclusion criteria were less stringent, potentially allowing patients without LD into the study. More recently, spirochetes were detected in post-mortem brain samples collected from a patient who previously was diagnosed and treated for LD and subsequently experienced chronic symptoms, including dementia (266).…”

Section: Persistent Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Lyme Disease and Remaining Challenges

Bobe

Jutras

Horn³

et al. 2021

Front. Med.

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Lyme disease (also known as Lyme borreliosis) is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States with an estimated 476,000 cases per year. While historically, the long-term impact of Lyme disease on patients has been controversial, mounting evidence supports the idea that a substantial number of patients experience persistent symptoms following treatment. The research community has largely lacked the necessary funding to properly advance the scientific and clinical understanding of the disease, or to develop and evaluate innovative approaches for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Given the many outstanding questions raised into the diagnosis, clinical presentation and treatment of Lyme disease, and the underlying molecular mechanisms that trigger persistent disease, there is an urgent need for more support. This review article summarizes progress over the past 5 years in our understanding of Lyme and tick-borne diseases in the United States and highlights remaining challenges.

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Section: Persistent Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Lyme Disease and Remaining Challenges

Bobe

Jutras

Horn³

et al. 2021

Front. Med.

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“…Gadila et al 133 reported the case of a woman with a history of Lyme disease who secondarily developed dementia clinically consistent with DLB. After her death, analyses of brain and spinal cord tissues confirmed the presence of pathological markers of DLB and identified persistent Borrelia burgdorferi using PCR and immunofluorescence staining, raising the question of whether Borrelia may trigger the onset of DLB.…”

Section: Do Studies In Humans Incriminate a Particular Pathogen?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious Agents as Potential Drivers of α‐Synucleinopathies

Linard

Ravier

Mougué³

et al. 2022

Movement Disorders

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α‐synucleinopathies, encompassing Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy, are devastating neurodegenerative diseases for which available therapeutic options are scarce, mostly because of our limited understanding of their pathophysiology. Although these pathologies are attributed to an intracellular accumulation of the α‐synuclein protein in the nervous system with subsequent neuronal loss, the trigger(s) of this accumulation is/are not clearly identified. Among the existing hypotheses, interest in the hypothesis advocating the involvement of infectious agents in the onset of these diseases is renewed. In this article, we aimed to review the ongoing relevant factors favoring and opposing this hypothesis, focusing on (1) the potential antimicrobial role of α‐synuclein, (2) potential entry points of pathogens in regard to early symptoms of diverse α‐synucleinopathies, (3) pre‐existing literature reviews assessing potential associations between infectious agents and Parkinson's disease, (4) original studies assessing these associations for dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy (identified through a systematic literature review), and finally (5) potential susceptibility factors modulating the effects of infectious agents on the nervous system. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society

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“…Imaging was performed using a Nikon Ti2-E motorized fluorescence microscope [52]. Infected and uninfected cells were imaged during the same session with identical acquisition parameters.…”

Section: Immunofluorescence Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bartonella Grown in Different Culture Conditions

Gadila

Embers

2021

Pathogens

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Bartonellosis is caused by a Gram-negative intracellular bacterium with a zoonotic transmission. The disease, caused by any of several genospecies of Bartonella can range from a benign, self-limited condition to a highly morbid and life-threatening illness. The current standard of care antibiotics are generally effective in acute infection; these include azithromycin or erythromycin, doxycycline, gentamicin, rifampin, and ciprofloxacin. However, treatment of chronic infection remains problematic. We tested six different antibiotics for their ability to stop the growth of Bartonella sp. in the standard insect media and in an enrichment media. All antibiotics (ceftriaxone, doxycycline, gentamycin, azithromycin, ampicillin, and azlocillin) had minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) below 0.5 µg/mL in the BAPGM enrichment media but were ineffective at inhibiting growth when the standard insect media was used. Azlocillin was the most potent, with a MIC of 0.01 µg/mL. When Bartonella was tested under intracellular growth conditions, none of the antibiotics were efficacious singly. However, growth inhibition was observed when azlocillin and azithromycin were combined. These studies illustrate the impact of growth medium and intracellular environment on antibiotic susceptibility testing and indicate that azlocillin combined with azithromycin may be an effective drug combination for the treatment of Bartonellosis.

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Detecting Borrelia Spirochetes: A Case Study With Validation Among Autopsy Specimens

Cited by 28 publications

References 65 publications

Recent Progress in Lyme Disease and Remaining Challenges

Recent Progress in Lyme Disease and Remaining Challenges

Infectious Agents as Potential Drivers of α‐Synucleinopathies

Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bartonella Grown in Different Culture Conditions

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