Detecting CD20-Rituximab specific interactions on lymphoma cells using atomic force microscopy

Abstract

Elucidating the underlying mechanisms of cell physiology is currently an important research topic in life sciences. Atomic force microscopy methods can be used to investigate these molecular mechanisms. In this study, single-molecule force spectroscopy was used to explore the specific recognition between the CD20 antigen and anti-CD20 antibody Rituximab on B lymphoma cells under near-physiological conditions. The CD20-Rituximab specific binding force was measured through tip functionalization. Distribution of CD20 on the B lymphoma cells was visualized three-dimensionally. In addition, the relationship between the intramolecular force and the molecular extension of the CD20-Rituximab complex was analyzed under an external force. These results facilitate further investigation of the mechanism of Rituximab's anti-cancer effect.atomic force microscopy, single-molecule force spectroscopy, CD20 antigen, Rituximab Citation:Li M, Liu L Q, Xi N, et al. Detecting CD20-Rituximab specific interactions on lymphoma cells using atomic force microscopy.

Imaging and Measuring the Molecular Force of Lymphoma Pathological Cells Using Atomic Force Microscopy

“…These different B cells may also have different surface structures that may induce different antibody–antigen affinities. Compared to the CD20‐rituximab binding force (about 80 pN) on lymphoma Raji cells cultured in vitro (Li et al ., ), we can see that the binding forces on pathological cells were much larger than that on Raji cells. This may be because of the different environments of pathological cells and Raji cells.…”

Continuous-time approach of sampled-data systems

“…Similar engineering problems involving time delay occur in balancing (Xu et al, 2016; Balogh et al, 2022), vehicle dynamics (Beregi et al, 2016), and machining processes (Beri and Stepan, 2021) as well, resulting in machine tool chatter. In recent years, various new methods have been developed to analyze delayed systems (Insperger et al, 2008; Liu and Kalmár-Nagy, 2010).…”