“…Fitting a jump model is related to change-point detection (Nystrup et al, 2016;Oh & Han, 2000;Ross et al, 2011), segmentation (Hallac et al, 2019;Katz & Crammer, 2015), and trend filtering (Kim et al, 2009) with the fundamental difference that the states are assumed to be recurring. The HMM is a special case of a jump model where the probability distribution that generates an observation depends on the state of an unobserved Markov chain.…”