Detecting chronotype differences associated to latitude: a comparison between Horne--Östberg and Munich Chronotype questionnaires

Leocádio-Miguel, Mário André; Oliveira, Valéria Clarisse de; Pereira, Daniela; Pedrazzoli, Mário

doi:10.3109/03014460.2013.832795

Cited by 50 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Geographical location was found to be associated with chronotype: the closer to the equator the earlier chronotype, and in this regard, our findings are consistent with previous findings (Miguel et al 2014). However, this association was assumed to be driven by higher environmental light intensities closer to the equator.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…There is also some evidence that geographical location has an impact upon chronotype. For example, in a study conducted in Brazil, subjective chronotype was assessed using the MCTQ and MEQ in two cities: São Paulo at latitude 23° 32' S and longitude 46° 38' W and Natal at 05° 47' S and 35° 12' W. Chronotype was found to be earlier in individuals living in Natal, the city closest to the equator (Miguel et al 2014). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronotype and environmental light exposure in a student population

Porcheret

Wald

Fritschi

et al. 2018

Chronobiology International

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In humans and most other species, changes in the intensity and duration of light provide a critical set of signals for the synchronisation of the circadian system to the astronomical day. The timing of activity within the 24 h day defines an individual’s chronotype, i.e. morning, intermediate or evening type. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between environmental light exposure, due to geographical location, on the chronotype of university students. Over 6 000 university students from cities in the Northern Hemisphere (Oxford, Munich and Groningen) and Southern Hemisphere (Perth, Melbourne and Auckland) completed the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire. In parallel, light measures (daily irradiance, timing of sunrise and sunset) were compiled from satellite or ground stations at each of these locations. Our data shows that later mid-sleep point on free days (corrected for oversleep on weekends MFSsc) is associated with (i) residing further from the equator, (ii) a later sunset, (iii) spending more time outside and (iv) waking from sleep significantly after sunrise. However, surprisingly, MSFsc did not correlate with daily light intensity at the different geographical locations. Although these findings appear to contradict earlier studies suggesting that in the wider population increased light exposure is associated with an earlier chronotype, our findings are derived exclusively from a student population aged between 17 and 26 years. We therefore suggest that the age and occupation of our population increase the likelihood that these individuals will experience relatively little light exposure in the morning whilst encountering more light exposure later in the day, when light has a delaying effect upon the circadian system.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronotype and environmental light exposure in a student population

Porcheret

Wald

Fritschi

et al. 2018

Chronobiology International

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“…The timing of behavior at a given location was determined by social time (local clock time) and was not affected by seasonal variations in the times of sunrise and sunset. Nonetheless, people living farther from the Equator tended to be active later in the day, as has been previously observed in Brazil (Miguel et al, 2014) and part of Russia (Borisenkov, 2011). Differences in acrophase related to latitude and photoperiod may be partly confounded by the fact that people in many countries near the Equator tend to include a majority of persons who time their daily work activities according to sunlight (such as farmers in Ghana), whereas people in countries farther from the Equator are often engaged in time-fixed office or industry occupations (such as urban dwellers in the United States).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Daily activity patterns of 2316 men and women from five countries differing in socioeconomic development

Sani

Refinetti

Jean-Louis

et al. 2015

Chronobiology International

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Daily rhythmicity in the locomotor activity of laboratory animals has been studied in great detail for many decades, but the daily pattern of locomotor activity has not received as much attention in humans. We collected waist-worn accelerometer data from more than 2,000 individuals from five countries differing in socioeconomic development and conducted a detailed analysis of human locomotor activity. Body mass index was computed from height and weight. Individual activity records lasting 7 days were subjected to cosinor analysis to determine the parameters of the daily activity rhythm: mesor (mean level), amplitude (half the range of excursion), acrophase (time of the peak), and robustness (rhythm strength). The activity records of all individual participants exhibited statistically significant 24-hour rhythmicity, with activity increasing noticeably a few hours after sunrise and dropping off around the time of sunset, with a peak at 1:42 pm on average. The acrophase of the daily rhythm was comparable in men and women in each country but varied by as much as 3 h from country to country. Quantification of the socioeconomic stages of the five countries yielded suggestive evidence that more developed countries have more obese residents, who are less active, and who are active later in the day than residents from less developed countries. These results provide a detailed characterization of the daily activity pattern of individual human beings and reveal similarities and differences among people from five countries differing in socioeconomic development.

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“…). A higher evening orientation was found with an increasing distance from the equator78911. Contradictory results have been found across the USA, where a higher morningness was related to higher latitudes10.…”

mentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Here, we assess the influence of latitude on M/E across a wide sample of studies, and further test competing hypotheses, namely the influence of light versus temperature. To specify the environment hypothesis, some hypotheses were explicated:Latitude should be correlated with M/E across a large number of studies, the farther away from the equator, the more evening orientation79.Temperature was proposed as the key factor by Smith et al 17. and Tonetti et al 18,.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Latitude affects Morningness-Eveningness: evidence for the environment hypothesis based on a systematic review

Randler

Rahafar

2017

Sci Rep

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Morningness-eveningness (M/E) is an individual trait related to a person’s sleep-wake cycle and preference for morning or evening hours. The “environment hypothesis” suggests that M/E is dependent on environmental factors, such as latitude, mean average temperature and photoperiod. We here analyzed a large number of datasets to assess this effect based on a systematic review. Data were from a total of 87 datasets and 35,589 individuals based on 28 countries. Partial correlations correcting for age revealed significant relationships between M/E and latitude, mean yearly temperature, photoperiod and sunset. Evening orientation was related to higher latitude, longer days and later sunset. Morning orientation was related to higher average temperatures. Percentage of females and sunrise time had no significant influence. These variables (sunset, temperature, photoperiod) were then input in a general linear model. The full model showed an influence of age and of sunset on CSM scores, but not of photoperiod and average temperature. Sunset, therefore, seems to be the most important statistical predictor for the observed latitudinal gradient.

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Detecting chronotype differences associated to latitude: a comparison between Horne--Östberg and Munich Chronotype questionnaires

Abstract: This experiment confirmed results from previous studies that the farther away from the equator, the longer the delay of the sleep phase. It was also concluded that MCTQ is better at detecting this phenomenon.

Cited by 50 publications

References 5 publications

Chronotype and environmental light exposure in a student population

Chronotype and environmental light exposure in a student population

Daily activity patterns of 2316 men and women from five countries differing in socioeconomic development

Latitude affects Morningness-Eveningness: evidence for the environment hypothesis based on a systematic review

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