Detecting coached neuropsychological dysfunction: a simulation experiment regarding mild traumatic brain injury

Lau, Lily; Basso, Michael R.; Estevis, Eduardo; Miller, Ashley; Whiteside, Douglas M.; Combs, Dennis R.; Arentsen, Timothy J.

doi:10.1080/13854046.2017.1318954

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…They also had significantly longer RTs than honest controls. These findings are in line with those of recent simulation studies using FCRM-PVTs, including the WMT (Elbaum et al, 2019;Lau et al, 2017;Lupu et al, 2018;Tomer et al, 2018). They also correspond to those of studies in which information processing speed tasks other than FCRM-PVTs were utilized (Reicker, 2008;Willison & Tombaugh, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Identifying Feigned Cognitive Impairment: Investigating the Utility of Diffusion Model Analyses

2020

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Forced-choice performance validity tests are routinely used for the detection of feigned cognitive impairment. The drift diffusion model deconstructs performance into distinct cognitive processes using accuracy and response time measures. It thereby offers a unique approach for gaining insight into examinees’ speed-accuracy trade-offs and the cognitive processes that underlie their performance. The current study is the first to perform such analyses using a well-established forced-choice performance validity test. To achieve this aim, archival data of healthy participants, either simulating cognitive impairment in the Word Memory Test or performing it to the best of their ability, were analyzed using the EZ-diffusion model ( N = 198). The groups differed in the three model parameters, with drift rate emerging as the best predictor of group membership. These findings provide initial evidence for the usefulness of the drift diffusion model in clarifying the cognitive processes underlying feigned cognitive impairment and encourage further research.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Identifying Feigned Cognitive Impairment: Investigating the Utility of Diffusion Model Analyses

2020

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“…Another limitation is that we educated simulators on the symptoms of DID but not the necessity of evading detection on validity tests. Coaching feigners about both symptoms and the need to evade detection may result in a more stringent test of malingering (Lau et al, 2017). Future studies should compare symptom- and test-coached simulators to clinical DID patients and symptom-coached simulators to see if the TOMM is resistant to DID symptom plus test coaching, as it has proven to be among students coached to feign impairment (Jelicic, Ceunen, Peters, & Merckelbach, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting clinical and simulated dissociative identity disorder with the Test of Memory Malingering.

Brand

Webermann

Snyder

et al. 2019

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy

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“…Although EVIs have tended to exhibit inferior signal detection relative to traditional PVTs ( Lau et al., 2017 ) and they have sometimes been criticized for conflating ability and effort ( Bigler, 2012 ; Leighton et al., 2014 ), their advantages have included (a) cost-effectiveness; (b) reduced mental stamina demands for young or medically/emotionally fragile examinees ( Lichtenstein et al., 2017 ); and (d) an inconspicuousness that made them more difficult for examinees to detect ( An et al., 2019 ; Berger et al., 2019 ) and, therefore, more resistant to coaching ( Brennan et al., 2009 ; Erdal, 2004 ; Lippa, 2018 ; Weinborn et al., 2012 ). Of equal importance, EVIs protect assessors from the appearance of a confirmation bias when PVT use seems to have been motivated by clinician expectations of examinee malingering ( Boone, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flipping the Script: Measuring Both Performance Validity and Cognitive Ability with the Forced Choice Recognition Trial of the RCFT

et al. 2021

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In this study we attempted to replicate the classification accuracy of the newly introduced Forced Choice Recognition trial (FCR) of the Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT) in a clinical sample. We administered the RCFT FCR and the earlier Yes/No Recognition trial from the RCFT to 52 clinically referred patients as part of a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery and incentivized a separate control group of 83 university students to perform well on these measures. We then computed the classification accuracies of both measures against criterion performance validity tests (PVTs) and compared results between the two samples. At previously published validity cutoffs (≤16 & ≤17), the RCFT FCR remained specific (.84–1.00) to psychometrically defined non-credible responding. Simultaneously, the RCFT FCR was more sensitive to examinees’ natural variability in visual-perceptual and verbal memory skills than the Yes/No Recognition trial. Even after being reduced to a seven-point scale (18-24) by the validity cutoffs, both RCFT recognition scores continued to provide clinically useful information on visual memory. This is the first study to validate the RCFT FCR as a PVT in a clinical sample. Our data also support its use for measuring cognitive ability. Replication studies with more diverse samples and different criterion measures are still needed before large-scale clinical application of this scale.

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Detecting coached neuropsychological dysfunction: a simulation experiment regarding mild traumatic brain injury

Abstract: Individuals coached to modify test-taking performance were marginally more successful in eluding detection by PVTs and SVTs than those coached with respect to TBI symptoms only. When the criterion of failing two or more PVTs or SVTs was applied, only 5% eluded detection.

Cited by 24 publications

References 37 publications

Identifying Feigned Cognitive Impairment: Investigating the Utility of Diffusion Model Analyses

Identifying Feigned Cognitive Impairment: Investigating the Utility of Diffusion Model Analyses

Detecting clinical and simulated dissociative identity disorder with the Test of Memory Malingering.

Flipping the Script: Measuring Both Performance Validity and Cognitive Ability with the Forced Choice Recognition Trial of the RCFT

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