“…Hence, simple linear models are likely to only provide partial insights on the mechanism of change, which is in fact essential for an appropriate attribution of drivers of changes. Piecewise linear models-such as Break For Additive Season and Trend (BFAST) (Verbesselt et al, 2010) or Detecting Breakpoints and Estimating Segments in Trend (DBEST) (Jamali et al, 2015)-allow for separating environmental time series into individual segments, capturing specific vegetation conditions (de Jong, Verbesselt, Schaepman, & Bruin, 2012;de Jong, Verbesselt, Zeileis, & Schaepman, 2013) or stages of degradation through time (Burrell, Evans, & Liu, 2017;Horion et al, 2016). Horion et al (2016) applied segmented trend analysis on time series of rain-use efficiency (Le Houérou, 1984) in order to identify turning points in EF, thereby revealing degradation processes such as soil salinization, increased grazing pressure, or drought-induced loss in ecosystem productivity.…”