Detecting early kidney damage in horses with colic by measuring matrix metalloproteinase -9 and -2, other enzymes, urinary glucose and total proteins

Arosalo, Bela M; Raekallio, Marja; Rajamäki, Minna; Holopainen, Elina; Kastevaara, Tuulia; Salonen, Hanna; Sankari, Satu

doi:10.1186/1751-0147-49-4

Cited by 26 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Other urinary enzymes noted to be increased in AKI but not included in Table include: glutathione‐S‐transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, MMP/pro‐MMP 2 in sheep, and MMP/pro‐MMP 9 in horses …”

Section: Renal Biomarkers: Urinementioning

confidence: 99%

Renal biomarkers in domestic species

Hokamp

Nabity

2016

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

139

147

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Current conventional tests of kidney damage and function in blood (serum creatinine and urea nitrogen) and urine (urine protein creatinine ratio and urine specific gravity) are widely used for diagnosis and monitoring of kidney disease. However, they all have important limitations, and additional markers of glomerular filtration rate and glomerular and tubular damage are desirable, particularly for earlier detection of renal disease when therapy is most effective. Additionally, urinary markers of kidney damage and function may help localize damage to the affected portion of the kidney. In general, the presence of high- and intermediate-molecular weight proteins in the urine are indicative of glomerular damage, while low-molecular weight proteins and enzymes in the urine suggest tubular damage due to decreased reabsorption of proteins, direct tubular damage, or both. This review aims to discuss many of these new blood and urinary biomarkers in domestic veterinary species, focusing primarily on dogs and cats, how they may be used for diagnosis of renal disease, and their limitations. Additionally, a brief discussion of serum creatinine is presented, highlighting its limitations and important considerations for its improved interpretation in domestic species based on past literature and recent studies.

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Section: Renal Biomarkers: Urinementioning

confidence: 99%

Renal biomarkers in domestic species

Hokamp

Nabity

2016

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

139

147

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“…In addition, biomarkers of renal injury have diagnostic potential. Increased urinary matrix metalloproteinase‐9 has been identified in horses with colic and might be related to early renal tubular damage . Other direct biomarkers of renal injury, including neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin, clusterin, cystatin B, and inosine have yet to be investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of acute kidney injury in a population of hospitalized horses

Savage

Marr

Bailey

et al. 2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background Hospital‐acquired acute kidney injury (AKI) in humans and dogs increases morbidity and nonsurvival. Azotemia at presentation has been associated with a poor outcome in horses; however, prevalence and consequences of hospital‐acquired AKI are unreported. Hypothesis/Objectives To evaluate the prevalence of AKI in hospitalized horses, risk factors associated with AKI, and the effect of AKI on short‐term survival. We hypothesized that the prevalence of AKI in horses is similar to that reported in other domestic mammalian species and would be associated with nonsurvival. Animals Adult horses hospitalized for >2 days from which a minimum of 2 measurements of serum creatinine concentration were available. Methods Retrospective cohort study. Clinical records were reviewed and horses grouped according to their baseline serum creatinine concentration and change in serum creatinine concentration from baseline. The associations between signalment, diagnosis, and treatment variables, and the presence of azotemia or AKI were assessed using multinomial logistic regression. The relationship between these conditions and survival to discharge was evaluated. Results Three hundred twenty‐five horses were included; 4.3% (14/325) had azotemia at baseline and 14.8% (48/325) developed AKI. There were no significant associations between investigated risk factors and development of AKI. The presence of azotemia and AKI did not significantly affect survival to discharge (P = .08 and .81, respectively). Conclusions and Clinical Importance The prevalence of AKI in this population of hospitalized horses is similar to that reported in dogs and humans; however, in this study population, there was less impact on morbidity and short‐term survival.

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“…Although there are limited publications describing UGC values in equids, values of <25 IU/g are considered to be normal and those of >100 IU/g abnormal . Values between 25 IU/g and 100 IU/g cannot be definitively interpreted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%