Detecting faking-good response style in personality questionnaires with four choice alternatives

Monaro, Merylin; Mazza, Cristina; Colasanti, Marco; Ferracuti, Stefano; Orrù, Graziella; Domenico, Alberto Di; Sartori, Giuseppe; Roma, Paolo

doi:10.1007/s00426-020-01473-3

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…This is consistent with the standard doctrine in cognitive psychology that increased cognitive processing causes delays in response times [8,9] including in speech [10,11]. Even deception without speech, such as in responding dishonestly on personality questionnaires, yields longer response times than responding honestly [12][13][14]. Arousal accounts of deception highlight that lying may cause greater anxiety [15], which increases muscle tension throughout the body including the muscles of the larynx that control the voice [16,17], resulting in higher vocal pitch [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Speech timing cues reveal deceptive speech in social deduction board games

2022

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The faculty of language allows humans to state falsehoods in their choice of words. However, while what is said might easily uphold a lie, how it is said may reveal deception. Hence, some features of the voice that are difficult for liars to control may keep speech mostly, if not always, honest. Previous research has identified that speech timing and voice pitch cues can predict the truthfulness of speech, but this evidence has come primarily from laboratory experiments, which sacrifice ecological validity for experimental control. We obtained ecologically valid recordings of deceptive speech while observing natural utterances from players of a popular social deduction board game, in which players are assigned roles that either induce honest or dishonest interactions. When speakers chose to lie, they were prone to longer and more frequent pauses in their speech. This finding is in line with theoretical predictions that lying is more cognitively demanding. However, lying was not reliably associated with vocal pitch. This contradicts predictions that increased physiological arousal from lying might increase muscular tension in the larynx, but is consistent with human specialisations that grant Homo sapiens sapiens an unusual degree of control over the voice relative to other primates. The present study demonstrates the utility of social deduction board games as a means of making naturalistic observations of human behaviour from semi-structured social interactions.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Speech timing cues reveal deceptive speech in social deduction board games

2022

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“…The results suggested that mental rotation abilities and the resilience of attention together with some pathological personality indicators (i.e., Psychoticism, Disconstraint; Negative Emotionality; Introversion) are useful measures in identifying drivers caught for violations and probably differentially subjected to impression management or self-deception. Despite the results presented here, and the importance of personality in affecting driving behaviors, self-reported personality measures should be considered with caution [ 108 ] considering their exposure to faking good, especially in forensic assessments in which they could potentially lead to paradoxical effects. Furthermore, these results may be a relevant source of knowledge for researchers dealing with both the prediction of motor vehicle-crashes and the driver’s liability in such events [ 109 ], providing information about variables that are able in detecting drinker drivers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reassessing Fitness-to-Drive in Drinker Drivers: The Role of Cognition and Personality

Tinella

Caffò

Lopez

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Drunken driving is among the main challenges for road safety by causing worldwide motor-vehicle crashes with severe injuries and deaths. The reassessment of fitness-to-drive in drivers stopped for drunken driving includes mainly psychological examinations. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and the consistency of selected variables of different psychological driving-related dimensions (i.e., cognitive skills and personality) in discriminating 90 male drinker drivers (DD) from matched non-drinkers controls. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Mental Rotation Test (MRT), and the Perspective-Taking Test (PT) were administered to assess overall cognitive functioning, and object- and self-based spatial transformation abilities, respectively. Participants completed a computerized test measuring resilience of attention (DT), reaction times (RT), and perceptual speed (ATAVT). The Personality Psychopathology Five scales (i.e., PSY-5: Aggressiveness-AGGR, Psychoticism-PSYC, Disconstraint-DISC, Negative-Emotionality-NEGE, and Introversion-INTR) the validity scale (L) and the dissimulation index (F-K) were scored from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2). A logistic binomial regression analysis (backward subtraction method) was used to identify discriminant predictors. A prediction analysis (ROC curve method) was performed on the final model. Results showed that the scores obtained in MRT, DT, and the personality measures of PSYC, DISC, NEGE, and INTR significantly discriminated DD from their matched controls with moderate-to-good values of accuracy (0.79), sensitivity (0.80), and specificity (0.79), as well as a good AUC value (0.89). In some cases, the personality dimensions provided—reliable—unexpected results. Low scores of PSYC, NEGE, and INTR were found to predict the membership to the DD group; results are discussed with reference to response management. Personality measures should be assessed with particular attention in a forensic context because they are more prone to be feigned than cognitive ones. Overall, the present study confirmed the relevance of integrating different driving-related psychological dimensions in the evaluation of fitness-to-drive showing the usefulness of standardized tools for the reassessment of drinker drivers.

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“…Finally, we would like to encourage researchers to contrast indirect questioning techniques such as the CWM with alternative approaches to measuring and controlling the influence of deliberate faking on self-reports such as, for example, social desirability scales [3,80,81], behavioral indicators [82][83][84], lie detection and the bogus pipeline [85][86][87], and the overclaiming technique [88][89][90]. Such extended studies could help identify those methods-or possibly even a combination of methods-that optimally counteract the detrimental influence of deliberate positive self-presentation on the validity of self-reports.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Nothing but the truth? Effects of faking on the validity of the crosswise model

2021

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In self-reports, socially desirable responding threatens the validity of prevalence estimates for sensitive personal attitudes and behaviors. Indirect questioning techniques such as the crosswise model attempt to control for the influence of social desirability bias. The crosswise model has repeatedly been found to provide more valid prevalence estimates than direct questions. We investigated whether crosswise model estimates are also less susceptible to deliberate faking than direct questions. To this end, we investigated the effect of “fake good” instructions on responses to direct and crosswise model questions. In a sample of 1,946 university students, 12-month prevalence estimates for a sensitive road traffic behavior were higher and thus presumably more valid in the crosswise model than in a direct question. Moreover, “fake good” instructions severely impaired the validity of the direct questioning estimates, whereas the crosswise model estimates were unaffected by deliberate faking. Participants also reported higher levels of perceived confidentiality and a lower perceived ease of faking in the crosswise model compared to direct questions. Our results corroborate previous studies finding the crosswise model to be an effective tool for counteracting the detrimental effects of positive self-presentation in surveys on sensitive issues.

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Detecting faking-good response style in personality questionnaires with four choice alternatives

Cited by 10 publications

References 69 publications

Speech timing cues reveal deceptive speech in social deduction board games

Speech timing cues reveal deceptive speech in social deduction board games

Reassessing Fitness-to-Drive in Drinker Drivers: The Role of Cognition and Personality

Nothing but the truth? Effects of faking on the validity of the crosswise model

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