“…A study of feature interactions in the product-line literature by Soares, et al [61] found that 43% of the papers aimed to understand feature interaction at early stages of the software life cycle. Among this 43%, the majority used formal methods, especially feature-aware verification to automate detection of interactions [10,11], and model checking to measure behavioral changes when a new feature is added [12], as well as to detect conflicts among features [21,15]. However, such formal models are costly to create and typically not available for most real-world systems.…”