Detecting low-energy interactions and the effects of energy accumulation in materials

Pereverzev, Sergey

doi:10.1103/physrevd.105.063002

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Nonetheless, these delayed electrons, following the main S2 signal, effectively increase single-electron noise of the detector. It was argued that this effect may explain excess of the S2-only signal rates compared to expected background which was observed earlier at low energies (low number of electrons) in the DarkSide-50 [7] and XENON1T [17] experiments (see discussion in [18]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Puzzling time properties of proportional electroluminescence in two-phase argon detectors for dark matter searches

Frolov¹,

Borisova²,

Nosov³

et al. 2022

Eur. Phys. J. C

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Proportional electroluminescence (EL) in noble gases is a physical process routinely used in two-phase (liquid–gas) detectors for low-energy astroparticle-physics experiments. In this work, the time properties of visible-light EL in two-phase argon detectors have been systematically studied for the first time. In particular, two unusual slow components in the EL signal, with their contributions and time constants increasing with electric field, were observed. This puzzling property is not expected in any of the known mechanisms of photon and electron emission in two-phase media. Time constants of these components is about 4–5 $$\upmu $$ μ s and 50 $$\upmu $$ μ s. In addition, a specific threshold behavior of the slow components was revealed: they emerged at a threshold in reduced electric field of 4.8 ± 0.2 Td regardless of the gas phase density, which is about 1 Td above the onset of standard (excimer) EL. There is a conspicuous similarity between this threshold and reduced field threshold of EL in NIR occurring via higher atomic excited states Ar$$^{*}(3p^{5}4p)$$ ∗ ( 3 p 5 4 p ) . An unexpected temperature dependence of slow components was also observed: their contribution decreased with temperature, practically disappearing at room temperature. We show that the puzzling properties of slow components can be explained in the framework of hypothesis that these are produced in the charge signal itself due to trapping of drifting electrons on metastable negative argon ions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Puzzling time properties of proportional electroluminescence in two-phase argon detectors for dark matter searches

Frolov¹,

Borisova²,

Nosov³

et al. 2022

Eur. Phys. J. C

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“…The spectra of events observed in many solid-state detectors [2,3] and Noble Liquid detectors (some review is given in [4]) often rise sharply towards low energies, and the number of these low-energy events is larger than expected neutrino or dark matter interactions. These backgrounds rise with ionization load and are larger for detectors operating above ground.…”

Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Possible mechanisms of energy or charge accumulation and releases in Noble Liquid dualphase detectors are discussed in [4]. Accumulation of unextracted electrons on the liquid-gas interface can lead not only to the production of parasitic signals, but possibly to the appearance of surface charges ordering, similar to dimple crystals on liquid helium surface, and suppression of electron extraction for small signals produced below the liquid surface.…”

Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dark matter searches and energy accumulation and release in materials

Pereverzev

2023

SciPost Phys. Proc.

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Efforts to identify dark matter by detecting nuclear recoils produced by dark matter particles reveal low-energy backgrounds of unknown origin in different types of detectors. In many cases, energy accumulation and delayed burst-like releases of stored energy could provide an explanation. These dynamics follow Prigogine’s ideas on systems with energy flow and the general Self-Organized Criticality scenario. We compare these models with properties of excess backgrounds in cryogenic solid-state detectors, relaxation processes in glasses and crystals, our observations of delayed luminescence in NaI(Tl), and make predictions for more phenomena present in these systems and in superconducting photon detectors and qubits. Experiments to create accurate phenomenological models are needed.

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“…Such delayed pulses were interpreted as being induced by delayed or trapped electrons. It was argued that they may result in excess of the signal at low energies observed earlier in the Darkside [4] and Xenon [14] experiments: see discussion in [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Puzzling time properties of proportional electroluminescence in two-phase argon detectors for dark matter searches

Buzulutskov,

Frolov,

Borisova

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Proportional electroluminescence (EL) in noble gases is the physical effect routinely used in twophase (liquid-gas) detectors for dark matter searches to record the primary ionization signal in the gas phase induced by particle scattering in the liquid phase. In this work, the time properties of visible-light EL in two-phase argon detectors have for the first time been systematically studied. In particular, two unusual slow components in the EL signal, with time constants of about 4-5 µs and 50 µs, were observed. Their puzzling property is that their contributions and time constants increase with electric field, which is not expected in any of the known mechanisms of photon and electron emission in two-phase media. In addition, a specific threshold behavior of the slow components was revealed: they emerged at a threshold in reduced electric field of about 5 Td regardless of the gas phase density, which is 1 Td above the onset of standard (excimer) EL. It is shown that this threshold is related to higher atomic excited states Ar * (3p 5 4p). An unexpected temperature dependence of slow components was also observed: their contribution decreased with temperature, practically disappearing at room temperature. We show that the puzzling properties of slow components can be explained in the framework of hypothesis that these are produced in the charge signal itself due to trapping of drifting electrons on metastable negative argon ions.Keywords two-phase detectors • liquid argon • dark matter • slow components • metastable negative argon ions

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Detecting low-energy interactions and the effects of energy accumulation in materials

Cited by 6 publications

References 69 publications

Puzzling time properties of proportional electroluminescence in two-phase argon detectors for dark matter searches

Puzzling time properties of proportional electroluminescence in two-phase argon detectors for dark matter searches

Dark matter searches and energy accumulation and release in materials

Puzzling time properties of proportional electroluminescence in two-phase argon detectors for dark matter searches

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