“…Another approach [27,28] relies on measuring the distinguishability of two optimal initial states evolving through the same quantum channel and detecting any non-monotonicity (information backflows). Further witnesses of non-Markovianity have been proposed, based on different dynamical figures of merit, such as: channel capacities [19], quantum mutual information [29], local quantum uncertainty [30], quantum interferometric power [31][32][33][34], coherence [35,36], state fidelity [34,37,38], change of volume of the set of accessible states of the evolved system [39], Fisher information flow [40,41], spectral analysis [42], entropy production rates [43,44], correlation measures [45], Choi state [46] and quantum evolution speedup [47][48][49]. This variety of witnesses and approaches highlight the multifaceted nature of non-Markovian behavior which hence cannot be attributed to a unique feature of the system-environment interaction, pre-venting the characterization by means of a single tool for such a phenomenon.…”