Detecting over- and underreporting of psychopathology with the Spanish-language Personality Assessment Inventory: Findings from a simulation study with bilingual speakers.

Abstract

Existing research on the Spanish-language translation of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; L. C. Morey, 1991) suggests that the validity scales from the English- and Spanish-language versions may not be equivalent measures. In the current study, 72 bilingual participants completed both the English- and Spanish-language versions of the PAI under the instructions to respond honestly, to overreport psychopathology for an insanity case, or to underreport psychopathology for an employment evaluation. Overall, the English- and Spanish-language validity scales performed similarly, and scores from the Negative Impression Management and the Positive Impression Management scales demonstrated the highest levels of equivalence and accuracy for the identification of simulators across language versions.

Internal Consistency and Convergent Validity of the Personality Assessment Inventory English and European-Spanish Version with English/Spanish Bilinguals

“…Despite relatively low internal consistency, T -scores for Infrequency, Mania-Activity Level, Antisocial Features-Antisocial Behavior, and Stress did not significantly differ, evidencing that there is some overlap in these constructs across measures. Findings for mean PAI Positive and Negative Impression Management T scores were similar to those of Fernandez et al (2008), in that they were similar to the PAI’s normative sample. Also in line with past research, participants in this study tended to score consistently low T scores on the Warmth scale and high T scores on Paranoia subscales.…”

“…The RLIS-C (Williams, 2000) is a 40-item multiple-choice reading screen used to estimate an individual’s abilities to read and comprehend Spanish. The measure has been used in past PAI research with bilingual samples (Fernandez et al, 2008). Total raw ability scores are used to indicate participants’ reading level (second grade and beyond).…”

“…In addition, three of four PAISE validity scales had poor internal consistency and protocols were invalid twice as often as normative PAI protocols. Conversely, Fernandez, Boccaccini, and Noland (2008) administered the PAI and the PAISE to English/Spanish bilinguals and found that Negative Impression Management and Positive Impression Management mean T scores for the PAISE were similar to those of the PAI’s normative samples. They also identified strong convergence between Negative and Positive Impression Management scales across the two measures and found that the scales were robust in detecting feigning.…”

Behavioural profiles and offender characteristics: Typology based on the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) in homicide cases

“…Until now, there were many publications and scholars illustrating how the PAI can be used to effectively inform elements of practice within corrections (Douglas et al, 2007;Douglas et al, 2001;Duellman, 2002;Edens et al, 2001;Edens & Ruiz, 2005;Morey & Quigley, 2002). Also clinical utility and psychometric properties, especially in correctional settings, has been broadly examined (Boccaccini, Murrie, Hawes, Simpler, & Johnson, 2010;Diamond, Harzke, Magaletta, Cummins, & Frankowski, 2007;Diamond & Magaletta, 2006;Drapalski, Youman, Stuewig, & Tangney, 2009;Edens & Ruiz, 2008;Fernandez, Boccaccini, & Noland, 2008;Magyar et al, 2012;Patry, Magaletta, Diamond, & Weinman, 2011;Ruiz, Douglas, Edens, Nikolova, & Lilienfeld, 2012;Skopp, Edens, & Ruiz, 2007). Recently, Glenn et al (2007) found, using taxometric analysis on a group of 2,135 federal prisons inmates, antisocial personality disorder arranged respondents along one or more quantitative dimensions (degree of antisociality), rather than assigning them to qualitatively distinct categories (antisocial or not antisocial).…”

Malingering and Defensiveness on the Spanish Personality Assessment Inventory: An Initial Investigation with Mostly Spanish-Speaking Outpatients

“…Other Spanish PAI research (Fernandez, Boccaccini, & Noland, 2008; Romain, 2001) has focused on different response styles, which will be addressed in the next section. Of particular concern, however, our recent PsychINFO search (August 21, 2017) found no empirical studies in the past decade evaluating the Spanish PAI in mental health or forensic settings.…”